tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-75484599073317677332024-03-12T22:25:05.465-07:00Green ReflectionsPolitical and philosophical musings from a greenAislinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08357084413835432243noreply@blogger.comBlogger13125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7548459907331767733.post-60041433052127552092020-04-11T20:19:00.000-07:002020-04-12T07:24:57.826-07:00Our response to COVID-19 could theoretically kill more people than the virus itself, if we aren’t careful [draft]<h3 class="graf graf--h3" name="c9b6">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><i>This is not a permanent link. Will delete the draft and make a permanent post when done writing this.</i></span></h3>
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A headline from Bloomberg reads, “<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-09/world-hunger-could-double-as-coronavirus-disrupts-food-supplies" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-09/world-hunger-could-double-as-coronavirus-disrupts-food-supplies" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">World Hunger Could Double as Coronavirus Disrupts Food Supplies</a>”. The Bloomberg article links to “<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.foodandlandusecoalition.org/a-call-to-action-for-world-leaders/" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.foodandlandusecoalition.org/a-call-to-action-for-world-leaders/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">A Call to Action for World Leaders</a>” signed by a variety of organizations, who, so far as I can tell, have little in common other than a shared desire to avoid mass starvation.</div>
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The <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.foodandlandusecoalition.org/a-call-to-action-for-world-leaders/" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.foodandlandusecoalition.org/a-call-to-action-for-world-leaders/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">call to action</a> warns, “COVID-19-related transport and labour disruptions are already starting to impact food security in many locations and food prices in some. Some food surplus nations have already imposed export restrictions. New restrictive rules at ports of entry and borders impede the free flow of food products and compromise the timely supply of essential agricultural inputs. Restrictions on the movement of people — while needed for public health purposes — risk shortages of farm labour at key moments in the farming cycle. The risk of major interruptions to food supplies over the coming months is growing, especially for low-income, net food-importing countries, many of which are in Sub-Saharan Africa.”</div>
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The claim that restrictions on the movement of people is “needed for public health purposes” and yet “risks shortages of farm labour at key moments in the farming cycle” comes across as a bit of a double <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/entendre" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/entendre" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">entendre</a>. Agriculture is also essential for public health purposes. A famine can kill far more people than any virus I can think of. But then, with <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/18/twitter-coronavirus-covid-19-misinformation-policy/" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/18/twitter-coronavirus-covid-19-misinformation-policy/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">people subject to censorship on platforms like Twitter for claiming that “social distancing is not effective”</a>, saying outright that “social distancing may do more harm than good if you don’t let the food flow” would verge on possibly being viewed as improper.</div>
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The <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.foodandlandusecoalition.org/a-call-to-action-for-world-leaders/" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.foodandlandusecoalition.org/a-call-to-action-for-world-leaders/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">call to action</a> further warns that with household incomes falling around the world, “it would not be hard to envisage scenarios in which the number of people suffering from hunger on a daily basis, already estimated at over 800 million, doubles over the coming months with a huge risk of increased malnutrition and child stunting.”</div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.theworldcounts.com/challenges/people-and-poverty/hunger-and-obesity/how-many-people-die-from-hunger-each-year" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.theworldcounts.com/challenges/people-and-poverty/hunger-and-obesity/how-many-people-die-from-hunger-each-year" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">An estimated 9 million people die per year from hunger</a>, so doubling that would give another 9 million people, for a total of 18 million people.</div>
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For comparison, <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://goodjudgment.io/covid/dashboard/" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://goodjudgment.io/covid/dashboard/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Good Judgement Superforecaster Analytics estimates a 71% chance</a> that, as of 31 March 2021, more than 800,000 but less than 8 million deaths attributed to COVID-19 will be reported/estimated, worldwide. I am seeing this forecast on April 9, 2020. <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://80000hours.org/covid-19/" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://80000hours.org/covid-19/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">According to 80,000 Hours</a>, The Good Judgement project aggregates data from “superforecasters” who have a track record of having made good predictions in the past about other difficult to predict events. I am unsure what assumptions this forecast, or aggregate of forecasts, is based on, but I do not feel qualified to make my own forecast. However, there are “superforecaster commentary highlights” available on the website.</div>
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<b class="markup--strong markup--p-strong">Many of the world’s poor more worried about hunger than about COVID-19</b></div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/die-hunger-despair-zimbabwe-lockdown-begins-200330054919081.html" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/die-hunger-despair-zimbabwe-lockdown-begins-200330054919081.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">In Zimbabwe, where President Emmerson Mnangagwa has announced</a>, “All citizens are required to stay at home, with the exception of those seeking health services, buying food, medicine and vital supplies, and those manning our essential services,” a citizen complains, “We know there is corona[virus] in the country, but we will die of hunger first if we don’t get mealie meal.” Zimbabwe’s unemployment rate, officially at least, is over 90%, with millions depending on informal jobs to put food on the table.</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="eaf4">
<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/04/09/world/africa/ap-af-virus-outbreak-africa.html" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/04/09/world/africa/ap-af-virus-outbreak-africa.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">In Zambia, President Edgar Lungu is aware that some of his people have been saying</a>, “We would rather die from COVID-19 than from hunger.” He asks his people to, “Please choose life,” although it is unclear from the New York Times quotation whether he believes choosing life means focusing more on the problem of hunger, or more on COVID-19. Perhaps the ambiguity was deliberate, and he meant for people to weigh the risks of COVID-19 versus hunger on an individual basis.</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="b5fa">
<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/04/01/world/africa/01reuters-health-coronavirus-uganda.html" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/04/01/world/africa/01reuters-health-coronavirus-uganda.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">In Uganda</a>, women trying to sell fruit have been beaten by police and military for defying orders to stay home. Ugandan president Yoweri Museveni has threatened that those attempting to distribute food to the vulnerable would be arrested, because such congregations would spread the virus. The opposition has warned that the urban poor may die of hunger if not given some form of relief.</div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52093343" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52093343" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">In Nigeria, a mother tells the BBC</a>, “It is hunger I am worried about, not a virus.” The BBC warns that Nigerians can transmit the virus if they do not act responsibly, but I am unclear how feeding one’s children under such circumstances qualifies as irresponsible, even though it would probably increase chances of virus transmission. Perhaps the apparent double entendre is simply the BBC’s way of getting around the <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://telecoms.com/503401/social-media-censorship-in-the-time-of-coronavirus/" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://telecoms.com/503401/social-media-censorship-in-the-time-of-coronavirus/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">UK’s harsh censorship policies</a> with respect to COVID-19.</div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/09/world/americas/indigenous-coronavirus-hunger.html" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/09/world/americas/indigenous-coronavirus-hunger.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">In Columbia, a school administrator of the indigenous Wayuu says</a> her people fear, “that if we don’t die of the virus, we will die of hunger.” Apparently, school meals stopped being shipped at the same time the schools were closed. For some of the children, those meals were, at least until recently, their only meal of the day.</div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-52002734" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-52002734" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">In Delhi, India, a yogurt-based drink seller, feels helpless and fears that</a>, “hunger may kill many like us before coronavirus.” A day laborer, also in Delhi, said that his family would run out of food in a few days if he couldn’t get work. <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/coronavirus-india-poor-fleeing-cities-starvation-a9438401.html" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/coronavirus-india-poor-fleeing-cities-starvation-a9438401.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Some of India’s poor are fleeing the cities</a>, by foot if they have to, to reach their home villages, not for fear of the virus, but for fear of starvation. One, who faced a 530 kilometer walk home if she and her family could not catch a bus, stated, “Let me tell you one thing: More people will die of hunger than from this disease.”</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="96fc">
<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/coronavirus/we-wont-die-from-coronavirus-well-die-of-hunger/" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/coronavirus/we-wont-die-from-coronavirus-well-die-of-hunger/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">In Mexico, Ricardo Salinas Pliego, speaking probably more for his countryfolk than for himself, said</a>, “We won’t die from coronavirus but from hunger.” He continues, “In Mexico, the vast majority don’t live on a salary, they don’t live from their savings nor from the government; the vast majority live day to day. … If the majority of the population stops earning income today, they simply won’t have anything to eat tomorrow.” We must understand that when he says COVID-19 is not “highly lethal”, he’s not comparing it to the flu, he’s comparing it to the possibility of widespread starvation.</div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/23/million-undocumented-migrants-could-go-hungry-say-charities" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/23/million-undocumented-migrants-could-go-hungry-say-charities" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Charities in the UK warn that about a million undocumented migrants</a>, included some asylum seekers whose claims have been denied, are at risk of hunger and starvation due to the closures of charities who used to provide food to them.</div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2020/apr/09/migrant-money-home-drying-up-20200409/" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2020/apr/09/migrant-money-home-drying-up-20200409/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Remittances, money sent by migrants working in wealthier countries to their families back home in poorer countries, have been plummeting</a>. Arkansas Democrat Gazette reports that, “One money-transfer company in Europe sending funds to Africa saw an 80% drop in volume in a single week.” The drop in remittances is likely to leave many unable to pay for rent, water, electricity, and food, and to some extent, this already seems to be happening.</div>
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When people say that not “that many” people will die of COVID-19, that it isn’t “that dangerous”, it isn’t necessarily callousness for old people and people with pre-existing conditions. (Although it could be that.) But more likely, it’s a warning: a warning that more people could potentially die of other things, like starvation.</div>
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<b class="markup--strong markup--p-strong">Food in danger of rotting in the fields or otherwise failing to reach consumers</b></div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://time.com/5816733/wuhan-farmer-crops-rot-coronavirus/" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://time.com/5816733/wuhan-farmer-crops-rot-coronavirus/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Near Wuhan, China, some crops deemed “essential” were allowed through the quarantine</a>. Others, such as lotus roots, not arbitrarily classified as “essential”, have been left to rot for lack of transportation out.</div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.marketplace.org/2020/04/08/jobless-brits-urged-to-pick-for-britain-as-covid-19-blocks-foreign-farmworkers/" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.marketplace.org/2020/04/08/jobless-brits-urged-to-pick-for-britain-as-covid-19-blocks-foreign-farmworkers/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">A headline on Marketplace.org reads</a>, “Jobless Brits urged to ‘pick for Britain’ as COVID-19 blocks foreign farmworkers.” Evidently, about 80,000 migrants usually pick Britain’s crops this season. For a variety of reasons, including COVID-19 related travel restrictions, that number is expected to be far less this year. John Bragg of Bryants Salads Ltd. warns that if the fields are not staffed, “All this crop in our fields here will be left to rot, and it won’t be able to feed the U.K. nation at this difficult time.” The jobless and students of Britain have been asked to take the challenge of picking the crops. As of the time the article was published, only 18,000 had applied, and it remains to be seen if so many people without farm labor experience will be up to the task.</div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-09/backpacker-accommodation-shortage-risks-veg-harvest-coronavirus/12132718" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-09/backpacker-accommodation-shortage-risks-veg-harvest-coronavirus/12132718" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">In Australia</a>, “The fruit and vegetable industry has warned that crops may be left to rot in fields because of a major shortage of accommodation for backpackers who pick the produce.” Apparently, a number of hostels and caravan parks, who normally house these traveling workers, have closed in response to COVID-19. On top of the housing shortage, the Commonwealth has announced that they will also have to self-isolate for 14 days before beginning work — time the crops may not be able to wait.</div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/120697091/vegetable-crops-rot-in-the-field-as-grocers-and-restaurants-close" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/120697091/vegetable-crops-rot-in-the-field-as-grocers-and-restaurants-close" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">In New Zealand</a>, closures of restaurants and grocers leaves vegetable farmers worried their crops will go to waste unless alternative buyers can be found.</div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.rawstory.com/2020/03/another-trump-screw-up-food-may-rot-in-the-fields-and-our-distribution-system-may-collapse/" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.rawstory.com/2020/03/another-trump-screw-up-food-may-rot-in-the-fields-and-our-distribution-system-may-collapse/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">In Florida</a>, United States, there are winter crops like squash, spinach, and lettuce rotting in the fields because the restaurants that normally buy them are either closed or operating at reduced capacity. <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/09/us-coronavirus-outbreak-agriculture-food-supply-waste" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/09/us-coronavirus-outbreak-agriculture-food-supply-waste" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Dairy producers</a> in Wisconsin and Vermont have been pouring milk down drains or flooding the fields with the milk for lack of buyers. <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2020/04/03/826006362/food-shortages-nope-too-much-food-in-the-wrong-places?t=1586515773649" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2020/04/03/826006362/food-shortages-nope-too-much-food-in-the-wrong-places?t=1586515773649" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">The United States response</a> to COVID-19 has lead to a spike in some people being unable to afford groceries, and glut in food elsewhere. <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/09/us-coronavirus-outbreak-agriculture-food-supply-waste" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/09/us-coronavirus-outbreak-agriculture-food-supply-waste" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">According to the Guardian</a>, about half of food grown in the United States was, before the COVID-19 response, destined for restaurants, schools, stadiums, theme parks and cruise ships — all industries heavily hit by the COVID-19 response. The food supply chain seems to be mostly failing to find alternative ways to deliver these foods to consumers</div>
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<b class="markup--strong markup--p-strong">Other ridiculousness</b></div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/04/01/world/africa/01reuters-health-coronavirus-uganda.html" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/04/01/world/africa/01reuters-health-coronavirus-uganda.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">In Uganda</a>, doctors are saying their government’s anti-coronavirus measures could cause deaths. Apparently, in a country without a functioning public ambulance system, the government has banned private cars from the road, telling expectant mothers and others with medical emergencies to “seek permission” for transportation to hospitals. Ekwaro Obuku, who formerly headed Uganda’s national association of physicians, pointed out that, “Other medical emergencies like maternal have not stopped because coronavirus has come.”</div>
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<b class="markup--strong markup--p-strong">New York doctor suggests severe social distancing may actually increase the number of deaths in the long run by delaying herd immunity</b></div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--mixtapeEmbed-anchor" data-href="https://thefederalist.com/2020/04/03/why-severe-social-distancing-might-actually-result-in-more-coronavirus-deaths/" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://thefederalist.com/2020/04/03/why-severe-social-distancing-might-actually-result-in-more-coronavirus-deaths/" rel="noreferrer" title="https://thefederalist.com/2020/04/03/why-severe-social-distancing-might-actually-result-in-more-coronavirus-deaths/"><b class="markup--strong markup--mixtapeEmbed-strong">Why Social Distancing Might Actually Result In More Coronavirus Deaths</b><br /><i class="markup--em markup--mixtapeEmbed-em">COVID-19 is severe. There is no doubt about that. We are now also learning that it is not a matter of if but when many…</i>thefederalist.com</a></div>
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<b class="markup--strong markup--p-strong">Human rights issues</b></div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--mixtapeEmbed-anchor" data-href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/03/19/human-rights-dimensions-covid-19-response" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/03/19/human-rights-dimensions-covid-19-response" rel="noreferrer" title="https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/03/19/human-rights-dimensions-covid-19-response"><b class="markup--strong markup--mixtapeEmbed-strong">Human Rights Dimensions of COVID-19 Response</b><br /><i class="markup--em markup--mixtapeEmbed-em">On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that an outbreak of the viral disease COVID-19 - first…</i>www.hrw.org</a></div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--mixtapeEmbed-anchor" data-href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/03/19/respect-rights-covid-19-response" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/03/19/respect-rights-covid-19-response" rel="noreferrer" title="https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/03/19/respect-rights-covid-19-response"><b class="markup--strong markup--mixtapeEmbed-strong">Respect Rights in COVID-19 Response</b><br /><i class="markup--em markup--mixtapeEmbed-em">As governments are starting to scale-up their public health response, the threat posed by COVID-19 is reason to…</i>www.hrw.org</a></div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--mixtapeEmbed-anchor" data-href="https://www.msn.com/en-za/health/medical/covid-19-why-protecting-human-rights-matters-in-epidemics/ar-BB10iXrJ" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.msn.com/en-za/health/medical/covid-19-why-protecting-human-rights-matters-in-epidemics/ar-BB10iXrJ" rel="noreferrer" title="https://www.msn.com/en-za/health/medical/covid-19-why-protecting-human-rights-matters-in-epidemics/ar-BB10iXrJ"><b class="markup--strong markup--mixtapeEmbed-strong">COVID-19: Why protecting human rights matters in epidemics</b><br /><i class="markup--em markup--mixtapeEmbed-em">Editor's note: The opinions in this article are the author's, as published by our content partner, and do not represent…</i>www.msn.com</a></div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51362772" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51362772" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51362772</a><br />
https://onezero.medium.com/the-pandemic-is-a-trojan-horse-for-surveillance-programs-around-the-world-887fa6f12ec9 </div>
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<b class="markup--strong markup--p-strong">Domestic violence and child abuse</b></div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--mixtapeEmbed-anchor" data-href="https://www.wgbh.org/news/local-news/2020/03/30/the-collateral-damage-of-social-distancing-experts-predict-uptick-in-domestic-violence-and-divorces" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.wgbh.org/news/local-news/2020/03/30/the-collateral-damage-of-social-distancing-experts-predict-uptick-in-domestic-violence-and-divorces" rel="noreferrer" title="https://www.wgbh.org/news/local-news/2020/03/30/the-collateral-damage-of-social-distancing-experts-predict-uptick-in-domestic-violence-and-divorces"><b class="markup--strong markup--mixtapeEmbed-strong">The Collateral Damage Of Social Distancing: Experts Predict Uptick In Domestic Violence, Divorces</b><br /><i class="markup--em markup--mixtapeEmbed-em">When calling a domestic violence hotline, the first question is often: Are you in a safe place to talk? Lately, Elaine…</i>www.wgbh.org</a></div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/21/coronavirus-domestic-violence-week-in-patriarchy" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/21/coronavirus-domestic-violence-week-in-patriarchy" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/21/coronavirus-domestic-violence-week-in-patriarchy</a></div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--mixtapeEmbed-anchor" data-href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/08/women-risk-domestic-violence-during-kyrgyzstans-lockdown" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/08/women-risk-domestic-violence-during-kyrgyzstans-lockdown" rel="noreferrer" title="https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/08/women-risk-domestic-violence-during-kyrgyzstans-lockdown"><b class="markup--strong markup--mixtapeEmbed-strong">Women Risk Domestic Violence During Kyrgyzstan's Lockdown</b><br /><i class="markup--em markup--mixtapeEmbed-em">Under Kyrgyzstan's present state of emergency, which includes a curfew from 8pm to 7am, it has become a lot more…</i>www.hrw.org</a></div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/07/opinion/coronavirus-child-abuse.html" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/07/opinion/coronavirus-child-abuse.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/07/opinion/coronavirus-child-abuse.html</a></div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="e921">
<b class="markup--strong markup--p-strong">Throwing money at problems, while ignoring difficult moral questions, is likely to lead to bad results</b></div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="7072">
We can’t grow food by throwing money at the ground. We can’t harvest crops by throwing money at them. We can’t transport the crops to the people who want to eat them by throwing money in the air. It is true we can use money to pay people to do these things, but that still won’t solve all our problems. Money won’t make it so everyone can just stay at home and avoid doing all the work that can’t be done from home. Throwing money around won’t address the injustices that can be exacerbated by disasters.</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="0774">
example of refugee crisis in Congo after Rwandan genocide from Jason Stearns’ “Dancing in the Glory of Monsters.” </div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="f7ce">
Civillian refugees were not separated from genocidaire refugees.</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="9012">
Condense following into summary rather than series of quotes.</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="9de9">
Jason Stearns writes, “For the humanitarian organizations, the dilemma was excruciating. The former government officials had set up administrative structures in the camps through which aid workers were forced to operate. With 5,000 people dying a day, they had to act, but unless the innocent civilians were separated from the soldiers and ex-government officials, aid groups were left little option other than to work with people guilty of genocide, bolstering and financing them in the process. Aid groups launched one of the largest humanitarian operations the continent had seen, bringing forty-five organizations and over 1,600 relief workers to Goma alone. In late 1994, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) spent $1 million each day on operations in the camps. Its effort was effective: Within weeks of deployment, mortality dropped steeply, saving thousands of lives. At the same time, however, it became obvious that the aid was also sustaining the perpetrators of the genocide. As Alain Destexhe, the secretary-general of Doctors Without Borders, put it: “How can physicians continue to assist Rwandan refugees when by doing so they are also supporting killers?”</div>
<div class="graf graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote" name="dd1e">
“And they were supporting killers. Camp leaders refused to allow UNHCR to count the refugees for over half a year, inflating their numbers so as to pocket the surplus food, blankets, and clothes for themselves. In Ngara, Tanzania, food for 120,000 “ghost refugees” was being skimmed off the top, while in Bukavu leaders pocketed aid for 50,000 refugees over six months.<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://calibre-internal.invalid/OEBPS/jaso_9781586489304_oeb_nts_r1.html#en35" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://calibre-internal.invalid/OEBPS/jaso_9781586489304_oeb_nts_r1.html#en35" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">10</a> Even after censuses were carried out, leaders stole the food of those most in need, pushing thousands of children into severe malnutrition. “We never had to worry about food,” Rwarakabije told me. “The United Nations supplied us with plenty.” As families starved, desperate mothers abandoned their infants at night at camp orphanages, where they were sure to get fed.”</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="4853">
…</div>
<div class="graf graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote" name="8138">
“Finally, in October 1996, the Rwandan army invaded in force under the guise of a homegrown Congolese rebellion in order to stave off criticism.”</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="dfc8">
…</div>
<div class="graf graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote" name="3240">
“Humanitarian officials were alarmed as the sickly refugees they had been feeding for the past two years fled into the inhospitable hinterlands. Emma Bonino, European Commissioner for Humanitarian Aid, warned that, “500,000 to a million people are in danger of dying.”</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="2eaf">
…</div>
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“Laurent Kabila’s improvised army, the AFDL, arrived in Tingi-Tingi on February 28, 1997. Many sick or weak refugees did not manage to flee. Dozens were crushed to death or drowned following a stampede on a nearby bridge. Some 2,000 survived the attacks and were airlifted back to Rwanda by aid organizations.”</div>
<div class="graf graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote" name="a088">
“Others were killed. A worker for the local Red Cross, who, ten years later, was still too afraid to tell me his name, said he had returned several days afterward to find bodies bludgeoned to death in the camp’s tented health centers. Others had fallen, intravenous needles still in their arms, in the forests nearby. A local truck driver, who had been commandeered by the AFDL to help clean up the town after the attack, told me there were dead bodies everywhere, refugees who had been too weak to flee and had then been bayoneted by the soldiers. “They didn’t use bullets on the refugees — they used knives,” he told me. His eyes glazed over as he remembered the image of an infant sucking on his dead mother’s breast, trying in vain to get some sustenance from her cold body. Reverend Kapala, who had fled into the forest for one night and then returned, told me, “They killed any male refugee over the age of twelve. They slit their throats. Not the women or children. Just the men.”</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="3339">
A significant part of the problem was that, following the Rwandan genocide, and refugees fleeing to the Congo, there was a lack of any serious effort to separate civilian refugees from genocidaires. Rather than grapple with the moral aftermath of the genocide, aid organizations focused on feeding the refugees and keeping them alive. When this wasn’t sorted out, certain Rwandans who were unsatisfied with this state of affairs decided they’d rather kill all the refugees, included those who weren't genocidaires, rather than have a continued presence of armed genocidaires near their border. I don’t favor the death penalty. But if one is going to have a death penalty, one should at least have some form of a trial system to make sure that it is only the guilty who are executed. Or at least attempt to make sure, considering that judges and juries, like all human beings, are not infallible. I don’t really feel like merely attempting to make sure you don’t kill innocents by mistake is enough, hence my disapproval of the death penalty, but it is at least a step up from massacring people en masse.</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="94b3">
This likely could have been averted if aid organizations had, rather than simply throwing money at the problem, taken some time to at least try to sort out the question of justice. Even if they shared my discomfort with the death penalty, it is possible to avoid participating in enforcement of the death penalty but still take other actions, like, say, coming up with a plan to disarm genocidaires, and performing an investigation to figure out who the genocidaires are to begin with. It is possible, that, if such an investigation were performed, but the investigators declined to enforce the death penalty, someone else might take the matter of executing the genocidaires into their own hands. I do not feel like the investigators, supposing that they are against the death penalty like me, should feel bad about such an eventuality if it were to occur. It would not be their duty to protect genocidaires from the consequences of their actions. And ultimately, it would still be a better outcome if people who did wish to impose the death penalty had records showing who was found guilty, and who wasn’t, than for them to just kill everyone they could.</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="ac48">
While a virus is far less dramatic or disturbing than a genocide or a massacre, we should not forget that throwing money at a problem is no substitute for actual justice. </div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="502a">
<b class="markup--strong markup--p-strong">Instead of (or in addition to) throwing money around, ask questions about justice</b></div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="23f8">
There could be justice in asking why so many people face such high costs of living that they can’t afford to take a vacation and stay home in response to a crisis. There are problem many answers to this question. Some are questions less of justice than of the demands of nature, including, in particular, agriculture. Some injustices probably cannot be solved quickly or easily, but perhaps events like these should serve as a reminder.</div>
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One injustice, in the United States at least, that I think the current crisis highlights is the cost of housing. <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/03/how-we-spend-money-in-china-india-russia-egypt-brazil-and-the-us/73001/" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/03/how-we-spend-money-in-china-india-russia-egypt-brazil-and-the-us/73001/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">The Atlantic has an article which compares</a> how families in the China, India, Russia, Egypt, Brazil and the United States spend money, and in the United States, a huge proportion of income is spent on housing relative to the other countries analyzed.</div>
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Being that the people of the United States spend so much on housing, it shouldn’t be a surprise that what many Americans fear from a COVID-19 lockdown is eviction. The fastest remedy for this problem would be for those in power to acknowledge that demanding people who aren’t classified as as essential workers stay home (aside from what is considered “essential” activity) until they get evicted defeats the whole point of social distancing.</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="904e">
A popular suggestion of late is eviction freezes. Essentially, many local governments are saying they will stop enforcing evictions. This seems like it would at best delay the problem of an increase in homelessness. <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-homeless-hypothermia-20190217-story.html" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-homeless-hypothermia-20190217-story.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Homelessness can also kill</a>. Just because COVID-19 has come, doesn’t mean that homeless people will now be immune from dying from a number of causes including <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.denverpost.com/2020/02/15/denver-homeless-deaths-camping-ban/" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.denverpost.com/2020/02/15/denver-homeless-deaths-camping-ban/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">hypothermia</a>. I’ve heard some people saying that rents and mortgages should be completely forgiven during the crisis, i.e. not required to be paid back later.</div>
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These suggestions seem to forget why we pay rent and mortgage to begin with. Let me start by stating that this is only a partial defense of the institutions of rent and mortgage. But, at least, part of rent and mortgage has to do with the labor costs of building homes. There is labor that goes into making and transporting the materials for the home, labor that goes into designing the home, and labor that goes into constructing it from the materials based on the design. Unless we consider forced labor acceptable, this labor will usually require some form of compensation. There are exceptions. I heard, orally, of one cultural tradition, which I believe went out of fashion, where people would make a gift of adobe bricks to a wedding couple and build an adobe home for them as a sort of wedding gift. Gift-based cultural systems aside, conducting ethical homebuilding means paying workers enough that they will voluntarily agree to build the home. In many cases, in American culture, the family who wishes to move into the home can’t afford to pay all these labor costs up front. So, the tradition in America, and in a number of other parts of the world, is for someone else (or some organization) to pay the labor costs up front, and for the family living in the home to pay off the labor costs over time in the form of either rent or mortgage. The process may involve a number of middlepeople, who also expect to earn some profit.</div>
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However, not all of rent or mortgage goes towards paying labor costs, nor even the profit for the middlepeople. In some times and places, like<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.yourirish.com/history/17th-century/act-of-settlement-1652" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.yourirish.com/history/17th-century/act-of-settlement-1652" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"> Ireland after the Cromwellian conquest</a>, rent may have more to do with past conquest than anything to do with legitimate billing of labor costs. In the United States, some portion of rent and mortgage goes towards property taxes, aka land taxes. Unless the local government played some part in building the home, these taxes don’t have anything to do the labor costs in building the home. <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMBF4vsyuaQ" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMBF4vsyuaQ" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">One elderly protestor shown on Youtube</a> complained that although he built and paid for his home by the time he was 25, he now has to pay property taxes equivalent to the original cost of his home every 3 years. <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.finanzen.ch/nachrichten/aktien/u-s-property-taxes-levied-on-single-family-homes-in-2019-increased-to-more-than-$306-billion-1029078181" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.finanzen.ch/nachrichten/aktien/u-s-property-taxes-levied-on-single-family-homes-in-2019-increased-to-more-than-$306-billion-1029078181" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Average property taxes for a single-family home</a>, in the United States, were $3,561 in 2019. <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://homeguides.sfgate.com/money-property-taxes-go-52339.html" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://homeguides.sfgate.com/money-property-taxes-go-52339.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">The idea of property taxes</a>, in the United States, seems to have something to do with the peculiar idea that people ought to be required to pay for local schools, police, fire stations, and streets as part of their housing bill. </div>
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There seems to be a disconnect in saying that it’s immoral, from some people’s perspective, for landlords and banks to evict/foreclose on people during this period, but we should all still pay our property taxes (or have our landlords pay the property taxes for us). If convincing people to stay home is such a high priority, then I should think that enabling people to do so should begin with abolishing property taxes for the duration of the emergency. Abolishing them more permanently could also help people save up in preparation for future emergencies. Stopping property taxes should allow rents and mortgages to lower, and reduced financial pressures on landlords and lenders should hopefully give them the breathing space necessary to be more forgiving of people who can’t pay for a time. A cessation of property taxes should also help small businesses such as restaurants become less likely to go out of business.</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="3900">
See example of the Bengal famine of 1770.</div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--mixtapeEmbed-anchor" data-href="https://yourstory.com/2014/08/bengal-famine-genocide?utm_pageloadtype=scroll" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://yourstory.com/2014/08/bengal-famine-genocide?utm_pageloadtype=scroll" rel="noreferrer" title="https://yourstory.com/2014/08/bengal-famine-genocide?utm_pageloadtype=scroll"><b class="markup--strong markup--mixtapeEmbed-strong">The Bengal Famine: How the British engineered the worst genocide in human history for profit</b><br /><i class="markup--em markup--mixtapeEmbed-em">"I hate Indians. They are a beastly people with a beastly religion. The famine was their own fault for breeding like…</i>yourstory.com</a></div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="0bb6">
While abolishing taxes in general could leave people with more income to save for emergencies, taxes on homes and other basic necessities are particularly bad since they raise the cost of living and increase the number of people who are homeless (or aren’t able to afford whatever basic necessity is being taxes). Additionally, while a person’s income tax might automatically fall when they experience an income-reducing crisis, property taxes do not automatically fall during such a crisis and are thus more likely to impair a person’s ability to make it through the crisis.</div>
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In spite of what is called “<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://policymatters.illinois.edu/the-taxation-of-agricultural-land-in-the-united-states/" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://policymatters.illinois.edu/the-taxation-of-agricultural-land-in-the-united-states/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">preferential treatment</a>”, property taxes still put pressure on farmers, and, therefore, on food prices, another necessity.</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="3ef8">
Note that head taxes are even worse than property taxes, see books about Belgian Congo by Jules Marchal. Rubber taxes (where people were forced to go out and gather rubber) in the so-called “Congo Free State” were also very very evil. See King Leopold’s Ghost by Adam Hochschild and <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://archive.org/details/redrubberstoryof00more/page/46/mode/2up/search/rubber+tax" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://archive.org/details/redrubberstoryof00more/page/46/mode/2up/search/rubber+tax" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Red Rubber</a> by Edmund Dene Morel. </div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="f983">
Another issue that unjustly raises housing costs in the United States is the illegalization, in many places, of low cost housing such as tiny homes.</div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/tiny-houses-are-trendy-minimalist-and-often-illegal" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/tiny-houses-are-trendy-minimalist-and-often-illegal" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/tiny-houses-are-trendy-minimalist-and-often-illegal</a></div>
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<b class="markup--strong markup--p-strong">Quarantines have an uninspiring historical track record</b></div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="0aad">
While not totally ineffective, quarantines tend to have low compliance, inspire cover-ups, distract people from finding better solutions, and raise serious human rights concerns.</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="5842">
Yellow fever — mosquitoes sometimes flew past quarantines, strong correlation to <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-59702009000200014" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-59702009000200014" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">African slave trade</a>.</div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-victim-of-memphis-yellow-fever-epidemic-dies" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-victim-of-memphis-yellow-fever-epidemic-dies" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">1878 person escapes quarantine </a>and starts Memphis epidemic. In “The American Plague”, Molly Caldwell Crosby writes, “That very problem had arisen during the 1878 epidemic: New Orleans officials like Samuel Choppin believed strongly in a quarantine against infected ships arriving in New Orleans; but, once yellow fever was present, city officials refused to tell the rest of the country for fear of being quarantined themselves.”</div>
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Also, “A few days earlier, Kean had learned that a friend and neighbor was down with yellow fever. Kean had been ordered to stay out of the infected district, but early one morning, he decided to make a visit to his sick friend. He took every precaution, never entering the infected house, and instead sat outside on the porch where the air was clear. “I obeyed the letter but not the spirit of the order,” Kean would later write. He spoke to a nurse through the iron bars of the open window. He never came in contact with any of the infected items, nor with his friend. Kean was shocked, five days later, when he fell feverish and was admitted to hut number 118 in the yellow fever ward of Camp Columbia.”</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="6794">
<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/before-there-was-coronavirus-there-was-yellow-fever-fear-of-it-once-gripped-dc/2020/02/11/14445e82-4cd4-11ea-b721-9f4cdc90bc1c_story.html" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/before-there-was-coronavirus-there-was-yellow-fever-fear-of-it-once-gripped-dc/2020/02/11/14445e82-4cd4-11ea-b721-9f4cdc90bc1c_story.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Archibald “Archie” S. Miller died of yellow fever in 1898</a> after being on a ship which docked outside a yellow fever hotspot, not letting passengers off due to the risk of yellow fever, but presumably unaware that the disease was spread by mosquitoes who could just fly to the ship.</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="81c7">
Forced labor and a harsh regime in general lead to drastic increase in sleeping sickness in the colonial Congo. See “The colonial disease: a social history of sleeping sickness in northern Zaire, 1900–1940” by Maryinez Lyons. Isolation at Ibembo lead to two serious riots in 1909 and 1910.</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="cd47">
p32 “Another area of administration which severely affected the populations of the region and which was directly connected to the increase of sleeping sickness was the demand for tax. As already explained, a principal function of the state posts was the collection of ‘tax’ which, in the northern district of Uele until July 1912, consisted almost entirely of wild rubber. After July 1912, although tax was ostensibly collected in the form of currency, the main source of cash for most Africans remained for many years rubber. As with labour, an examination of the ‘rubber tax’ would take far too long to seriously discuss in this book, but as this facet of colonialism was so directly related to the whole issue of sleeping sickness and public health legislation, some details must be presented here. As soon as a region was conquered and submission obtained from some of the inhabitants, state agents were expected to begin the collection of tax. Conquest was inseparable from tax because conquest was for tax.”</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="2dca">
p35 “By April 1917, Bertrand was commenting that the collection of rubber had become, perhaps, the principal factor in the spread of the disease. 23 As with gold production, people were forced to move long distances, travelling to tsetse areas to seek rubber for the obligatory tax. Here again, the administration directly contradicted its own public health policy of a cordon sanitaire.”</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="a24c">
p125 “Furthermore, this doctor said, the sporadic surveys for victims in African villages were viewed as ‘little more than manhunts’ and the result was that ‘people fled the doctors more quickly than they did the tax collectors!”</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="ef9c">
<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://time.com/3282886/sierra-leone-ebola-lockdown/" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://time.com/3282886/sierra-leone-ebola-lockdown/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Doctors Without Borders</a>, “It has been our experience that lockdowns and quarantines do not help control Ebola as they end up driving people underground and jeopardizing the trust between people and health providers.”</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="2632">
<b class="markup--strong markup--p-strong">Censorship pandemic</b></div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.medpagetoday.com/infectiousdisease/covid19/85440" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.medpagetoday.com/infectiousdisease/covid19/85440" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">An article from Medpage Today warns</a>, “Journalists are officially prohibited from communicating with anyone in the CDC and other federal agencies without the oversight of censors — much to our discredit, we go along with their official title of “public information officer” or PIO. Reporters also usually can’t walk into their buildings, and there are often no systems for obtaining any sort of press credential.”</div>
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<a class="markup--anchor markup--mixtapeEmbed-anchor" data-href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/03/31/bangladesh-end-wave-covid-19-rumor-arrests" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/03/31/bangladesh-end-wave-covid-19-rumor-arrests" rel="noreferrer" title="https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/03/31/bangladesh-end-wave-covid-19-rumor-arrests"><b class="markup--strong markup--mixtapeEmbed-strong">Bangladesh: End Wave of COVID-19 'Rumor' Arrests</b><br /><i class="markup--em markup--mixtapeEmbed-em">(New York) - The Bangladesh government appears to be cracking down on free speech as COVID-19 hits the country…</i>www.hrw.org</a></div>
<div class="graf graf--mixtapeEmbed" name="08e6">
<a class="markup--anchor markup--mixtapeEmbed-anchor" data-href="https://ipi.media/uncharted-waters-media-freedom-under-covid-19/" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://ipi.media/uncharted-waters-media-freedom-under-covid-19/" rel="noreferrer" title="https://ipi.media/uncharted-waters-media-freedom-under-covid-19/"><b class="markup--strong markup--mixtapeEmbed-strong">Uncharted waters: media freedom under COVID-19</b><br /><i class="markup--em markup--mixtapeEmbed-em">By Jamie Wiseman, IPI Advocacy Officer and Oliver Money-Kyrle, Head of Europe Advocacy and Programmes March 20, 2020…</i>ipi.media</a></div>
<div class="graf graf--mixtapeEmbed" name="9beb">
<a class="markup--anchor markup--mixtapeEmbed-anchor" data-href="https://forbiddenstories.org/censored-stories-on-covid-19-a-worldwide-media-blackout-threat/" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://forbiddenstories.org/censored-stories-on-covid-19-a-worldwide-media-blackout-threat/" rel="noreferrer" title="https://forbiddenstories.org/censored-stories-on-covid-19-a-worldwide-media-blackout-threat/"><b class="markup--strong markup--mixtapeEmbed-strong">Censored Stories on Covid-19: A Worldwide Media Blackout Threat * Forbidden Stories</b><br /><i class="markup--em markup--mixtapeEmbed-em">Even in the heart of Europe, some leaders are using similar rhetoric to tighten their grip on power. In Hungary, for…</i>forbiddenstories.org</a></div>
<div class="graf graf--mixtapeEmbed" name="8f0b">
<a class="markup--anchor markup--mixtapeEmbed-anchor" data-href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/apr/02/uk-media-outlets-told-not-to-promote-baseless-5g-coronavirus-theories" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/apr/02/uk-media-outlets-told-not-to-promote-baseless-5g-coronavirus-theories" rel="noreferrer" title="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/apr/02/uk-media-outlets-told-not-to-promote-baseless-5g-coronavirus-theories"><b class="markup--strong markup--mixtapeEmbed-strong">UK media outlets told not to promote baseless 5G coronavirus theories</b><br /><i class="markup--em markup--mixtapeEmbed-em">British broadcasters are being warned that they face sanctions from the media regulator if they give airtime to false…</i>www.theguardian.com</a></div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="08ba">
<b class="markup--strong markup--p-strong">Science does not equal omniscience, why shouldn’t we ask questions?</b></div>
<div class="graf graf--mixtapeEmbed" name="10f7">
<a class="markup--anchor markup--mixtapeEmbed-anchor" data-href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-39054778" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-39054778" rel="noreferrer" title="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-39054778"><b class="markup--strong markup--mixtapeEmbed-strong">Most scientists 'can't replicate studies'</b><br /><i class="markup--em markup--mixtapeEmbed-em">Science is facing a "reproducibility crisis" where more than two-thirds of researchers have tried and failed to…</i>www.bbc.com</a></div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="212c">
Something about <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://zenodo.org/record/2126701/files/article.pdf?download=1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://zenodo.org/record/2126701/files/article.pdf?download=1" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Louis-Daniel Beauperthuy</a> and his hypothesis that yellow fever was transmitted by mosquito. A theory not taken particularly seriously by his contemporaries. He turned out to be mostly right.</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="71d3">
<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/hilarywardle/stop-blowing-smoke-up-my-ass" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/hilarywardle/stop-blowing-smoke-up-my-ass" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">People used to think a lot of really weird stuff and were wrong</a>. Many modern day assumptions we assume are common sense may later be viewed as ridiculous by our descendants.</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="e2b2">
Other stuff to note</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="2f44">
<a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.reddit.com/r/CoronavirusFOS/comments/f62xhx/if_youre_new_to_coronavirus_research_start_here/" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/CoronavirusFOS/comments/f62xhx/if_youre_new_to_coronavirus_research_start_here/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">reddit thread</a></div>
<div class="graf graf--p graf--empty" name="bda3">
<br /></div>
<div class="graf graf--p graf--empty" name="9470">
<br /></div>
Aislinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08357084413835432243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7548459907331767733.post-37209566431076157662020-04-10T04:54:00.000-07:002020-04-10T04:54:03.833-07:00Hunger and food supply problems as unintended consequences of attempts to stop COVID-19<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="d124">
<em class="hj">Note
that I intend to incorporate the following into a larger critique of
our world’s responses to COVID-19, but have decided to publish at least
some of my preliminary thoughts sooner rather than later under this more
narrow heading. I have also published this <a data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://medium.com/@aisling.abbandonato/hunger-and-food-supply-problems-as-unintended-consequences-of-attempts-to-stop-covid-19-dfeb140da6b1">on Medium</a>.</em></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="d124">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="3dff">
A headline from Bloomberg reads, “<a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-09/world-hunger-could-double-as-coronavirus-disrupts-food-supplies" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">World Hunger Could Double as Coronavirus Disrupts Food Supplies</a>”. The Bloomberg article links to “<a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.foodandlandusecoalition.org/a-call-to-action-for-world-leaders/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">A Call to Action for World Leaders</a>”
signed by a variety of organizations, who, so far as I can tell, have
little in common other than a shared desire to avoid mass starvation.</div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="3dff">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="4a52">
The <a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.foodandlandusecoalition.org/a-call-to-action-for-world-leaders/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">call to action</a>
warns, “COVID-19-related transport and labour disruptions are already
starting to impact food security in many locations and food prices in
some. Some food surplus nations have already imposed export
restrictions. New restrictive rules at ports of entry and borders impede
the free flow of food products and compromise the timely supply of
essential agricultural inputs. Restrictions on the movement of people —
while needed for public health purposes — risk shortages of farm labour
at key moments in the farming cycle. The risk of major interruptions to
food supplies over the coming months is growing, especially for
low-income, net food-importing countries, many of which are in
Sub-Saharan Africa.”</div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="4a52">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="5fb6">
The
claim that restrictions on the movement of people is “needed for public
health purposes” and yet “risks shortages of farm labour at key moments
in the farming cycle” comes across as a bit of a double <a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/entendre" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">entendre</a>.
Agriculture is also essential for public health purposes. A famine can
kill far more people than any virus I can think of. But then, with <a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/18/twitter-coronavirus-covid-19-misinformation-policy/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">people subject to censorship on platforms like Twitter for claiming that “social distancing is not effective”</a>,
saying outright that “social distancing may do more harm than good if
you don’t let the food flow” would verge on possibly being viewed as
improper.</div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="5fb6">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="46b9">
The <a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.foodandlandusecoalition.org/a-call-to-action-for-world-leaders/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">call to action</a>
further warns that with household incomes falling around the world, “it
would not be hard to envisage scenarios in which the number of people
suffering from hunger on a daily basis, already estimated at over 800
million, doubles over the coming months with a huge risk of increased
malnutrition and child stunting.”</div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="46b9">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="19ce">
<a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.theworldcounts.com/challenges/people-and-poverty/hunger-and-obesity/how-many-people-die-from-hunger-each-year" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">An estimated 9 million people die per year from hunger</a>, so doubling that would give another 9 million people, for a total of 18 million people.</div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="19ce">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="3547">
For comparison, <a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://goodjudgment.io/covid/dashboard/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Good Judgement Superforecaster Analytics estimates a 71% chance</a>
that, as of 31 March 2021, more than 800,000 but less than 8 million
deaths attributed to COVID-19 will be reported/estimated, worldwide. I
am seeing this forecast on April 9, 2020. <a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://80000hours.org/covid-19/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">According to 80,000 Hours</a>,
The Good Judgement project aggregates data from “superforecasters” who
have a track record of having made good predictions in the past about
other difficult to predict events. I am unsure what assumptions this
forecast, or aggregate of forecasts, is based on, but I do not feel
qualified to make my own forecast. However, there are “superforecaster
commentary highlights” available on the website.</div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="3547">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="af49">
<strong class="gx ho">Many of the world’s poor more worried about hunger than about COVID-19</strong></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="af49">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="a00e">
<a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/die-hunger-despair-zimbabwe-lockdown-begins-200330054919081.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">In Zimbabwe, where President Emmerson Mnangagwa has announced</a>,
“All citizens are required to stay at home, with the exception of those
seeking health services, buying food, medicine and vital supplies, and
those manning our essential services,” a citizen complains, “We know
there is corona[virus] in the country, but we will die of hunger first
if we don’t get mealie meal.” Zimbabwe’s unemployment rate, officially
at least, is over 90%, with millions depending on informal jobs to put
food on the table.</div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="a00e">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="eaf4">
<a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/04/09/world/africa/ap-af-virus-outbreak-africa.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">In Zambia, President Edgar Lungu is aware that some of his people have been saying</a>,
“We would rather die from COVID-19 than from hunger.” He asks his
people to, “Please choose life,” although it is unclear from the New
York Times quotation whether he believes choosing life means focusing
more on the problem of hunger, or more on COVID-19. Perhaps the
ambiguity was deliberate, and he meant for people to weigh the risks of
COVID-19 versus hunger on an individual basis.</div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="eaf4">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="b5fa">
<a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/04/01/world/africa/01reuters-health-coronavirus-uganda.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">In Uganda</a>,
women trying to sell fruit have been beaten by police and military for
defying orders to stay home. Ugandan president Yoweri Museveni has
threatened that those attempting to distribute food to the vulnerable
would be arrested, because such congregations would spread the virus.
The opposition has warned that the urban poor may die of hunger if not
given some form of relief.</div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="b5fa">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="b393">
<a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52093343" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">In Nigeria, a mother tells the BBC</a>,
“It is hunger I am worried about, not a virus.” The BBC warns that
Nigerians can transmit the virus if they do not act responsibly, but I
am unclear how feeding one’s children under such circumstances qualifies
as irresponsible, even though it would probably increase chances of
virus transmission. Perhaps the apparent double entendre is simply the
BBC’s way of getting around the <a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://telecoms.com/503401/social-media-censorship-in-the-time-of-coronavirus/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">UK’s harsh censorship policies</a> with respect to COVID-19.</div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="b393">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="c68c">
<a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/09/world/americas/indigenous-coronavirus-hunger.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">In Columbia, a school administrator of the indigenous Wayuu says</a>
her people fear, “that if we don’t die of the virus, we will die of
hunger.” Apparently, school meals stopped being shipped at the same time
the schools were closed. For some of the children, those meals were, at
least until recently, their only meal of the day.</div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="c68c">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="2a50">
<a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-52002734" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">In Delhi, India, a yogurt-based drink seller, feels helpless and fears that</a>,
“hunger may kill many like us before coronavirus.” A day laborer, also
in Delhi, said that his family would run out of food in a few days if he
couldn’t get work. <a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/coronavirus-india-poor-fleeing-cities-starvation-a9438401.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Some of India’s poor are fleeing the cities</a>,
by foot if they have to, to reach their home villages, not for fear of
the virus, but for fear of starvation. One, who faced a 530 kilometer
walk home if she and her family could not catch a bus, stated, “Let me
tell you one thing: More people will die of hunger than from this
disease.”</div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="2a50">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="96fc">
<a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/coronavirus/we-wont-die-from-coronavirus-well-die-of-hunger/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">In Mexico, Ricardo Salinas Pliego, speaking probably more for his countryfolk than for himself, said</a>,
“We won’t die from coronavirus but from hunger.” He continues, “In
Mexico, the vast majority don’t live on a salary, they don’t live from
their savings nor from the government; the vast majority live day to
day. … If the majority of the population stops earning income today,
they simply won’t have anything to eat tomorrow.” We must understand
that when he says COVID-19 is not “highly lethal”, he’s not comparing it
to the flu, he’s comparing it to the possibility of widespread
starvation.</div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="96fc">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="92a1">
<a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/23/million-undocumented-migrants-could-go-hungry-say-charities" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Charities in the UK warn that about a million undocumented migrants</a>,
included some asylum seekers whose claims have been denied, are at risk
of hunger and starvation due to the closures of charities who used to
provide food to them.</div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="92a1">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="43e8">
<a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2020/apr/09/migrant-money-home-drying-up-20200409/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Remittances,
money sent by migrants working in wealthier countries to their families
back home in poorer countries, have been plummeting</a>. Arkansas
Democrat Gazette reports that, “One money-transfer company in Europe
sending funds to Africa saw an 80% drop in volume in a single week.” The
drop in remittances is likely to leave many unable to pay for rent,
water, electricity, and food, and to some extent, this already seems to
be happening.</div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="43e8">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="9c96">
When
people say that not “that many” people will die of COVID-19, that it
isn’t “that dangerous”, it isn’t necessarily callousness for old people
and people with pre-existing conditions. (Although it could be that.)
But more likely, it’s a warning: a warning that more people could
potentially die of other things, like starvation.</div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="9c96">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="8b4c">
<strong class="gx ho">Food in danger of rotting in the fields or otherwise failing to reach consumers</strong></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="8b4c">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="4685">
<a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://time.com/5816733/wuhan-farmer-crops-rot-coronavirus/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Near Wuhan, China, some crops deemed “essential” were allowed through the quarantine</a>. Others, such as lotus roots, not arbitrarily classified as “essential”, have been left to rot for lack of transportation out.</div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="4685">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="b8fa">
<a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.marketplace.org/2020/04/08/jobless-brits-urged-to-pick-for-britain-as-covid-19-blocks-foreign-farmworkers/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">A headline on Marketplace.org reads</a>,
“Jobless Brits urged to ‘pick for Britain’ as COVID-19 blocks foreign
farmworkers.” Evidently, about 80,000 migrants usually pick Britain’s
crops this season. For a variety of reasons, including COVID-19 related
travel restrictions, that number is expected to be far less this year.
John Bragg of Bryants Salads Ltd. warns that if the fields are not
staffed, “All this crop in our fields here will be left to rot, and it
won’t be able to feed the U.K. nation at this difficult time.” The
jobless and students of Britain have been asked to take the challenge of
picking the crops. As of the time the article was published, only
18,000 had applied, and it remains to be seen if so many people without
farm labor experience will be up to the task.</div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="b8fa">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="b6cc">
<a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-09/backpacker-accommodation-shortage-risks-veg-harvest-coronavirus/12132718" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">In Australia</a>,
“The fruit and vegetable industry has warned that crops may be left to
rot in fields because of a major shortage of accommodation for
backpackers who pick the produce.” Apparently, a number of hostels and
caravan parks, who normally house these traveling workers, have closed
in response to COVID-19. On top of the housing shortage, the
Commonwealth has announced that they will also have to self-isolate for
14 days before beginning work — time the crops may not be able to wait.</div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="b6cc">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="1aa3">
<a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/120697091/vegetable-crops-rot-in-the-field-as-grocers-and-restaurants-close" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">In New Zealand</a>,
closures of restaurants and grocers leaves vegetable farmers worried
their crops will go to waste unless alternative buyers can be found.</div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="1aa3">
<br /></div>
<div class="gv gw ap by gx b gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi ex" data-selectable-paragraph="" id="a479">
<a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.rawstory.com/2020/03/another-trump-screw-up-food-may-rot-in-the-fields-and-our-distribution-system-may-collapse/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">In Florida</a>,
United States, there are winter crops like squash, spinach, and lettuce
rotting in the fields because the restaurants that normally buy them
are either closed or operating at reduced capacity. <a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/09/us-coronavirus-outbreak-agriculture-food-supply-waste" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Dairy producers</a> in Wisconsin and Vermont have been pouring milk down drains or flooding the fields with the milk for lack of buyers. <a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2020/04/03/826006362/food-shortages-nope-too-much-food-in-the-wrong-places?t=1586515773649" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">The United States response</a> to COVID-19 has lead to a spike in some people being unable to afford groceries, and glut in food elsewhere. <a class="cl di hk hl hm hn" data-ss1586517711="1" data-ss1586519516="1" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/09/us-coronavirus-outbreak-agriculture-food-supply-waste" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">According to the Guardian</a>,
about half of food grown in the United States was, before the COVID-19
response, destined for restaurants, schools, stadiums, theme parks and
cruise ships — all industries heavily hit by the COVID-19 response. The
food supply chain seems to be mostly failing to find alternative ways to
deliver these foods to consumers</div>
Aislinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08357084413835432243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7548459907331767733.post-47837864441607902982017-05-31T19:19:00.002-07:002017-05-31T19:19:41.473-07:00Why Anti-War Libertarians Should Join Greens in Boycotting and Divesting from Nuclear Weapons<h1 class="page-title">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">It probably won't do all that much good, given that there don't seem to be all that many libertarians who anti-war enough to do anything to help and are still alive, but I published an article trying to persuade them to boycott and divest from nuclear weapons <a href="https://beinglibertarian.com/anti-war-libertarians-join-greens-boycotting-divesting-nuclear-weapons/">here</a>. </span></span></h1>
<h1 class="page-title">
<br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">These are the references:</span><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span> <style type="text/css">p { margin-bottom: 0.1in; line-height: 120%; }a:link { }</style></h1>
<ol>
<li>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__151_1668177157"></a>
Kristensen, Hans, and Robert Norris. “Status of World Nuclear
Forces.” Federation of American Scientists.
<a href="https://fas.org/issues/nuclear-weapons/status-world-nuclear-forces/">https://fas.org/issues/nuclear-weapons/status-world-nuclear-forces/</a>
(accessed April 5, 2017).</div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__153_1668177157"></a>
ICAN. “Nuclear Arsenals.” <strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">International
Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN).
</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.icanw.org/the-facts/nuclear-arsenals/">http://www.icanw.org/the-facts/nuclear-arsenals/</a>
(accessed April 5, 2017).</span></strong></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__155_1668177157"></a>
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">Choi, Charles. “'Small'
Nuclear War Could Trigger Catastrophic Cooling.” </span></strong><strong><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">Live
Science</span></i></strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">,
March 26, 2014.
<a href="http://www.livescience.com/44380-small-nuclear-war-could-trigger-catastrophic-cooling.html">http://www.livescience.com/44380-small-nuclear-war-could-trigger-catastrophic-cooling.html</a>
(accessed April 5, 2017).</span></strong></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__171_1668177157"></a>
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">Germanos, Andrea. “Nuclear
War Could Mean 'Extinction of the Human Race: New report issues 'red
flag about the threat to humanity' posed by nuclear weapons; calls
for global disarmament.'” </span></strong><strong><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">Common
Dreams</span></i></strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">,
December 10, 2013.
<a href="https://www.commondreams.org/news/2013/12/10/nuclear-war-could-mean-extinction-human-race">https://www.commondreams.org/news/2013/12/10/nuclear-war-could-mean-extinction-human-race</a>
(accessed April 6, 2017) </span></strong>"'With a large war
between the United States and Russia, we are talking about the
possible —not certain, but possible—extinction of the human
race,' Helfand told <em>Agence-France Presse</em>.”</div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__157_1668177157"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="eft224-cit-0201"></a>
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">Mills, Michael, Owen Toon,
Julia Lee-Taylor, and Alan Robock. “</span></strong>Multidecadal
global cooling and unprecedented ozone loss following a regional
nuclear conflict.” <i>Earth's Future</i> 4, no. 2 (2014).
<cite><span style="font-style: normal;">doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013EF000205" target="_blank">10.1002/2013EF000205</a>.
</span></cite><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2013EF000205/full">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2013EF000205/full</a>
(accessed April 5, 2017).</span></strong></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__159_1668177157"></a>
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">Stahl, Lesley et al.
</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">“</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">Who's
minding the nukes?” </span></strong><strong><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">CBS</span></i></strong><strong><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">
News</span></i></strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">,
2014</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">.
<a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/whos-minding-the-nuclear-weapons/">http://www.cbsnews.com/news/whos-minding-the-nuclear-weapons/</a>
(accessed April 6, 2017). “</span></strong>The warhead on each of
these land-based missiles is 20 times more powerful than the bomb
dropped on Hiroshima and could kill millions if dropped on a major
city. The Air Force still keeps nearly all 450 of them on constant
alert, ready to go.<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">”</span></strong></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__209_1668177157"></a>
<strong><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">Waging Nonviolence:
People-Powered News & Analysis</span></i></strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">.
<a href="http://wagingnonviolence.org/">http://wagingnonviolence.org/</a>
(accessed April 6, 2017).</span></strong></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__229_1668177157"></a>
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">Don't Bank on the Bomb.
<a href="http://www.dontbankonthebomb.com/">http://www.dontbankonthebomb.com/</a>
(accessed April 6, 2017).</span></strong></div>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__253_1668177157"></a><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">Chenoweth,
Erica, and Stephan, Maria. "Why Civil Resistance Works: The
Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict." Columbia University
Press, August 2011.
<a href="https://cup.columbia.edu/book/why-civil-resistance-works/9780231156820">https://cup.columbia.edu/book/why-civil-resistance-works/9780231156820</a>
(accessed March 22, 2017).</span></strong><br />
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__255_1668177157"></a>Lakey, George.
"The more violence, the less revolution." Waging
Nonviolence, March 6, 2012.
<a href="http://wagingnonviolence.org/feature/the-more-violence-the-less-revolution/">http://wagingnonviolence.org/feature/the-more-violence-the-less-revolution/</a>
(accessed March 22, 2017).
<br />
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__384_1668177157"></a>McHenry, Keith,
and Chaze Bufe. "You Can't Blow Up A Social Relationship.” In
<i>The Anarchist Cookbook</i>.
<a href="http://foodnotbombs.net/a.%20Anarchist%20Cookbook%20interior%207-30-15-1.pdf">http://foodnotbombs.net/a.%20Anarchist%20Cookbook%20interior%207-30-15-1.pdf</a>
(accessed April 6, 2017).<br />
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__330_1668177157"></a>Tolstoy, Leo.
“Chapter VIII.” In <i>The Kingdom of God is Within You</i>.
<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Kingdom_of_God_Is_Within_You/Chapter_VIII">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Kingdom_of_God_Is_Within_You/Chapter_VIII</a>
(accessed April 6, 2017).<br />
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__2115_1668177157"></a><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Rothbard,
Murray</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.
“</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">The
Anti-War Movement</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.”
In</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></i></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">The
Complete Libertarian Forum 1969–1984</span></i></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.
Auburn: Ludwig von Mises Institute, </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">2012</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.
</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://mises.org/system/tdf/Complete%20Libertarian%20Forum%20%281969-1984%29_Vol_1_3.epub?file=1&type=ebook">https://mises.org/system/tdf/Complete%20Libertarian%20Forum%20%281969-1984%29_Vol_1_3.epub?file=1&type=ebook</a>
(accessed April 7, 2017).<br />
</li>
<li>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__211_1668177157"></a>
<strong>“<span style="font-weight: normal;">Nuclear Weapon
Producers.” Don't Bank on the Bomb.
<a href="http://www.dontbankonthebomb.com/nuclear-weapon-producers/">http://www.dontbankonthebomb.com/nuclear-weapon-producers/</a>
(accessed April 6, 2017).</span></strong></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__231_1668177157"></a>
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">"</span></strong>Who
invests?” Don't Bank on the Bomb.
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.dontbankonthebomb.com/who-invests/">http://www.dontbankonthebomb.com/who-invests/</a>
(accessed April </span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">4</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">,
2017).</span></strong></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__386_1668177157"></a>
"United States: 226 Financial Institutions made an estimated
USD$ 344 billion available to 27 nuclear weapon producing companies
since January 2013." Don't Bank on the Bomb.
<a href="http://www.dontbankonthebomb.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/2016_United-States.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.dontbankonthebomb.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/2016_United-States.pdf</a>
(accessed April 4, 2017).</div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__448_1668177157"></a>
“Don't Bank on Bomb: A Global Report on the Financing of Nuclear
Weapons Producers.” Don't Bank on the Bomb.
<a href="http://www.dontbankonthebomb.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/2016_Report_final.pdf">http://www.dontbankonthebomb.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/2016_Report_final.pdf</a>
(accessed April 4, 2017).</div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__482_1668177157"></a>
"The Co-operative Bank.” Don't Bank on the Bomb.
<a href="http://www.dontbankonthebomb.com/the-co-operative-bank-2/">http://www.dontbankonthebomb.com/the-co-operative-bank-2/</a>
(accessed April 4, 2017).</div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__484_1668177157"></a>
"Banca Etica.” Don't Bank on the Bomb.
<a href="http://www.dontbankonthebomb.com/banca-etica/">http://www.dontbankonthebomb.com/banca-etica/</a>
(accessed April 4, 2017).</div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__486_1668177157"></a>
"2016 Hall of Fame.” Don't Bank on the Bomb.
<a href="http://www.dontbankonthebomb.com/2016-hall-of-fame/">http://www.dontbankonthebomb.com/2016-hall-of-fame/</a>
(accessed April 4, 2017).</div>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__2055_1668177157"></a><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Hess,
Karl. “Letter From Washington.” In</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></i></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">The
Complete Libertarian Forum 1969–1984</span></i></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.
Auburn: Ludwig von Mises Institute, </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">2012</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.
</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://mises.org/system/tdf/Complete%20Libertarian%20Forum%20%281969-1984%29_Vol_1_3.epub?file=1&type=ebook">https://mises.org/system/tdf/Complete%20Libertarian%20Forum%20%281969-1984%29_Vol_1_3.epub?file=1&type=ebook</a>
(accessed April 4, 2017).<br />
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__6241_1269907743"></a>Thoreau, Henry
David. "On the Duty of Civil Disobedience.” The Gutenberg
Project. <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/71/71-h/71-h.htm">https://www.gutenberg.org/files/71/71-h/71-h.htm</a>
(accessed April 7, 2017). “Carried out, it finally amounts to
this, which also I believe—'That government is best which governs
not at all'; and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind
of government which they will have.” “Is there not a sort of
blood shed when the conscience is wounded? Through this wound a
man's real manhood and immortality flow out, and he bleeds to an
everlasting death. I see this blood flowing now.”<br />
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__6363_1269907743"></a>King, Martin
Luther. “Chapter 2: Morehouse College.” In <i>The Autobiography
of Martin Luther King, Jr</i>. Internet Archive Wayback Machine.
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070308023614/http://www.stanford.edu/group/King/publications/autobiography/chp_2.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20070308023614/http://www.stanford.edu/group/King/publications/autobiography/chp_2.htm</a>
(accessed April 7, 2017). “During my student days I read Henry
David Thoreau's essay 'On Civil Disobedience' for the first time.
Here, in this courageous New Englander's refusal to pay his taxes
and his choice of jail rather than support a war that would spread
slavery's territory into Mexico, I made my first contact with the
theory of nonviolent resistance. Fascinated by the idea of refusing
to cooperate with an evil system, I was so deeply moved that I
reread the work several times.”<br />
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__6637_1269907743"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="73"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="74"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="75"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="76"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="77"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="78"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="79"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="80"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="82"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="83"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="84"></a>
Epictetus. Written down by Arrian. "Book 1, Chapter 1."
<i>Discourses</i>. The Internet Classics Archive.
<a href="http://classics.mit.edu/Epictetus/discourses.1.one.html">http://classics.mit.edu/Epictetus/discourses.1.one.html</a>
(accessed January 15, 2017). “What then should a man have in
readiness in such circumstances? What else than 'What is mine, and
what is not mine; and permitted to me, and what is not permitted to
me.' I must die. Must I then die lamenting? I must be put in chains.
Must I then also lament? I must go into exile. Does any man then
hinder me from going with smiles and cheerfulness and contentment?
'Tell me the secret which you possess.' I will not, for this is in
my power. 'But I will put you in chains.' Man, what are you talking
about? Me in chains? You may fetter my leg, but my will not even
Zeus himself can overpower. 'I will throw you into prison.' My poor
body, you mean. 'I will cut your head off.' When, then, have I told
you that my head alone cannot be cut off? These are the things which
philosophers should meditate on, which they should write daily, in
which they should exercise themselves.”<br />
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__8585_1269907743"></a>"Live From
Standing Rock (12/11/2016) Chase Iron Eyes & Water Protectors.”
Youtube, February 18, 2017.
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzLsL8osias">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzLsL8osias</a>
(accessed April 7, 2017). ~5:15-9:32.<br />
</li>
<li>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.04in; margin-top: 0.04in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__8587_1269907743"></a>
<span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;">Fox, Josh. “</span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;">Filmmaker
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/joshfoxwow/">Josh Fox</a>
witnessed activists getting injured at Standing Rock — and the
sheriff's dept. is lying about it.” </span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;">Facebook/</span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><i>NowThis</i></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;">,
December 10, 2016.</span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/NowThisNews/videos/1260090350747753">https://www.facebook.com/NowThisNews/videos/1260090350747753</a>
(accessed February 2, 2017). “They shot my colleague, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/erinschrode/videos/10209534018401713/">Erin</a>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei8Q8myPg5k">S</a></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei8Q8myPg5k"><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;">c</span></a><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei8Q8myPg5k">hrode</a>,
in the back, with a rubber bullet, in the middle of an interview. I
witnessed it. […] They completely <a href="http://www.valleynewslive.com/content/misc/Lt-Tom-Iverson-of-ND-Highway-Patrol-discusses-recent-DAPL-protest-events-400080491.html">denied</a>
that this happened. […] They <a href="http://www.unicornriot.ninja/?p=11191">used</a>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/unicornriot.ninja/videos/377743139226580/">water</a>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/DigitalSmokeSignals/videos/10155452771834746/">cannons</a>
<a href="http://thedailyhaze.com/collection-kevin-gilbertt-livestreams-standing-rock/">in</a>
20 degree weather against peaceful protectors, causing instant
hypothermia. They also <a href="http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/dakota-pipeline-protests/dakota-pipeline-protesters-authorities-clash-temperatures-drop-n686581">denied</a>
that this happened, even though it's on tape. […] They hurled a
concussion grenade at an unarmed protector, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/remi.graber.14/posts/10154832499835559">Sophia</a>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEMLoYmrnz4">Wilansky</a>,
completely obliterating her arm. The Morton County Sheriff's
Department completely <a href="http://www.co.morton.nd.us/vertical/Sites/%7B90CBB59C-38EA-4D41-861A-81C9DEBD6022%7D/uploads/11-22-16_Explosion_among_protestors_a_result_of_their_criminal_activity.pdf">denies</a>
having done this. […] The rubber bullets and the concussion
grenades have been <a href="https://twitter.com/ur_ninja/status/800911726594129920">recovered</a>.
They didn't just fall out of the sky, they came from the police
force. When the police are blatantly lying, they're no longer the
police. And they're certainly not a credible source of information.”</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__6535_1269907743"></a>Ross, Alexander
R. "Algeria: fracking and the Ain Salah uprising."
<i>Ecologist</i>, March 14, 2015.
<a href="http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/2792950/algeria_fracking_and_the_ain_salah_uprising.html">http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/2792950/algeria_fracking_and_the_ain_salah</a><a href="http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/2792950/algeria_fracking_and_the_ain_salah_uprising.html">_uprising.html</a>
(accessed January 16, 2017). “Protestors reacted to the oppressive
measures by rallying at the Gendarme station, and police responded
with large quantities of tear gas and rubber bullets. The police
violence persisted into Resistance Square, where the rally site was
destroyed and tents burned, and over the next few days, hundreds of
people were arrested and numerous injuries incurred among the
mostly-peaceful protestors.”<br />
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__6537_1269907743"></a>"400 DAPL
protesters ‘trapped on bridge’ as police fire tear gas, water
cannon (VIDEO).” <i>RT</i>, November 2016.
<a href="https://www.rt.com/usa/367592-dapl-protest-bridge-teargas/">https://www.rt.com/usa/367592-dapl-protest-bridge-teargas/</a>
(accessed April 7, 2017).<br />
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__6530_1269907743"></a>"Police
shoot rubber bullets at Dakota Access Pipeline protesters.” <i>RT</i>,
November 2016.
<a href="https://www.rt.com/usa/365133-dakota-access-pipeline-standoff/">https://www.rt.com/usa/365133-dakota-access-pipeline-standoff/</a>
(accessed April 7, 2017).<br />
</li>
<li>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.04in; margin-top: 0.04in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__6532_1269907743"></a>
<span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;">S</span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;">c</span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;">hrode,
Erin. </span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;">“WARNING:
GRAPHIC VIDEO. Speechless. I was shot by militarized police WHILE
interviewing a peaceful man at Standing Rock live on camera. </span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;">[...]”
Facebook, November 3, 2016.
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/erinschrode/videos/10209534018401713/">https://www.facebook.com/erinschrode/videos/10209534018401713/</a>
(accessed February 2, 2017).</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.04in; margin-top: 0.04in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__6441_1269907743"></a>
<span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;">Digital Smoke Signals. “Arial
view of water cannon spraying and other actions.” Facebook,
November 20, 2016.
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/DigitalSmokeSignals/videos/10155452771834746/">https://www.facebook.com/DigitalSmokeSignals/videos/10155452771834746/</a>
(accessed February 3, 2017).</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.04in; margin-top: 0.04in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__6443_1269907743"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__128_474287203"></a>
<span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;">Unicorn Riot. “Police Tear
Gas #NoDAPL Water Protectors.” Facebook, November 20, 2016.
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/unicornriot.ninja/videos/377743139226580/">https://www.facebook.com/unicornriot.ninja/videos/377743139226580/</a>
(accessed February 3, 2017).</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.04in; margin-top: 0.04in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__6445_1269907743"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__126_474287203"></a>
<span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;">Unicorn Riot. "Police
Attack Unarmed Water Protectors w/ Rubber Bullets, Tear Gas, and
Water Cannons; 300+ injured.” </span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><i>Unicorn
Riot</i></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;">, November 21,
2016. <a href="http://www.unicornriot.ninja/?p=11191">http://www.unicornriot.ninja/?p=11191</a>
(accessed February 3, 2017).</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.04in; margin-top: 0.04in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__6447_1269907743"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__4136_1672730423"></a>
<span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;">Haze, Meko and Kevin Gilbertt.
“Collection of Kevin Gilbertt’s livestream from Standing Rock.”
</span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><i>The Daily Haze</i></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;">,
November 20, 2016.
</span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><a href="http://thedailyhaze.com/collection-kevin-gilbertt-livestreams-standing-rock/">http://thedailyhaze.com/collection-kevin-gilbertt-livestreams-standing-rock/</a>
(accessed February 17, 2017).</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.04in; margin-top: 0.04in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__6439_1269907743"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__5289_1672730423"></a>
<span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;">Stelloh, Tim et al. “Dakota
Pipeline: Protesters Soaked With Water in Freezing Temperatures.”
</span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><i>NBC News</i></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;">,
November 21, 2016.
<a href="http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/dakota-pipeline-protests/dakota-pipeline-protesters-authorities-clash-temperatures-drop-n686581">http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/dakota-pipeline-protests/dakota-pipeline-protesters-authorities-clash-temperatures-drop-n686581</a>
(accessed February 20, 2017).</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.04in; margin-top: 0.04in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__6449_1269907743"></a>
<span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;">"Deadly Environment: A
rising death toll on our environmental frontiers is escaping
international attention.” </span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><i>Global
Witness</i></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;">, April 15,
2014.
<a href="https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/environmental-activists/deadly-environment/">https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/environmental-activists/deadly-environment/</a>
(accessed April 7, 2017).</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__6437_1269907743"></a>"On
Dangerous Ground." <i>Global Witness</i>, June 20, 2016.
<a href="https://www.globalwitness.org/en/reports/dangerous-ground/">https://www.globalwitness.org/en/reports/dangerous-ground/</a>
(accessed January 16, 2017).<br />
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__6725_1269907743"></a>Aesop. “The
Wolf and The Crane.” Fables of Aesop.
<a href="http://fablesofaesop.com/the-wolf-and-the-crane.html">http://fablesofaesop.com/the-wolf-and-the-crane.html</a>
(accessed April 7, 2017). “In serving the wicked, expect no
reward, and be thankful if you escape injury for your pains.”<br />
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__6727_1269907743"></a>Rothbard,
Murray. "Libertarians in a State-Run World.” <i>Mises Daily
Articles</i>. <a href="https://mises.org/library/libertarians-state-run-world">https://mises.org/library/libertarians-state-run-world</a>
(accessed April 7, 2017). “Surely there are no moral systems that
<em>require</em> people to be martyrs.”<br />
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__1993_1668177157"></a>Rothbard,
Murray. <i>The Ethics of Liberty</i>. 1982. Reprint, Auburn: Ludwig
von Mises Institute, 2016.
<a href="https://mises.org/system/tdf/The%20Ethics%20of%20Liberty_0.pdf?file=1&type=document">https://mises.org/system/tdf/The%20Ethics%20of%20Liberty_0.pdf?file=1&type=document</a>
(accessed April 4, 2017).<br />
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__6451_1269907743"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="tit"></a>
Childs, R.A. Jr. "Review of Hospers' Libertarianism." In
<span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">The
Complete Libertarian Forum 1969–1984</span></i></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.
Auburn: Ludwig von Mises Institute, </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">2012</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.
</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://mises.org/system/tdf/Complete%20Libertarian%20Forum%20%281969-1984%29_Vol_1_3.epub?file=1&type=ebook">https://mises.org/system/tdf/Complete%20Libertarian%20Forum%20%281969-1984%29_Vol_1_3.epub?file=1&type=ebook</a>
(accessed April 4, 2017).<br />
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="__RefHeading__1997_1668177157"></a>Rothbard,
Murray. <i>For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto</i>. 1973.
Reprint, Auburn: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2006.
<a href="https://mises.org/system/tdf/For%20a%20New%20Liberty%20The%20Libertarian%20Manifesto_3.pdf?file=1&type=document">https://mises.org/system/tdf/For%20a%20New%20Liberty%20The%20Libertarian%20Manifesto_3.pdf?file=1&type=document</a>
(accessed April 4, 2017).<br />
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Aislinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08357084413835432243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7548459907331767733.post-10034397787335552832017-03-18T17:13:00.004-07:002017-03-20T10:42:55.296-07:00The brutal efficiency of slaveryThe articles this in in reply to are <a href="https://www.mises.ca/slavery-could-not-last-in-an-otherwise-free-market/">here</a> and <a href="https://www.mises.ca/slavery-could-not-persist-in-an-otherwise-free-market-part-ii/">here</a>. These were linked to me during a blog discussion which can be found <a href="http://consultingbyrpm.com/blog/2017/03/potpourri-342.html#comment-1813812">here</a>.<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
<br />
Dear Dr. Murphy,<br />
<br />
If you genuinely believe that non-slave labor is more efficient, what would you have to lose by joining anti-slavery boycotts? Say something specific, where there is relatively decent documentation, such as buying slave-free chocolate instead of slave chocolate?<br />
<br />
Mr. Mises wrote and you quoted, "If one treats men like cattle, one cannot squeeze out of them more than cattle-like performances." Human beings can use tools like shovels and looms and whatnot. Cattle can't. A great example is <a href="http://abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=132685">forced</a> <a href="http://www.emlii.com/1cd605b7/7-Agonizing-Stories-From-Within-The-Brothels-That-Will-Literally-Shake-You">prostitution</a>, a widely practiced form of modern chattel slavery.(<a href="http://abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=132685">1</a>)(<a href="http://www.emlii.com/1cd605b7/7-Agonizing-Stories-From-Within-The-Brothels-That-Will-Literally-Shake-You">2</a>) In this case, human beings utilizes tools and aspects of humanity to deliver an experience that could never be manufactured by cattle. Moreover, in Roman arenas and colosseums, fights between talented human gladiators were considered far more entertaining than fights between animals, a living testimony that humanity presents an aspect distinguished from animalistic nature.(3)(4)<br />
<br />
Why should any of these concern us? A comparison between aforementioned analysis and Mr. Mises would suggest a contradiction between his study and empirical evidence. It is perhaps due to the fact that Mr. Mises was never a chattel slave, or did not witness chattel slavery, and so far as I know, never interviewed a former chattel slave. As a result, he possess no more familiarity with chattel slavery than other Austrians or his academic contemporaries.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/politics.1.one.html">Aristotle</a>, a Greek slave owner, considered slaves the most valuable of possessions, and considered oxen to be inferior to human slaves, "Now instruments are of various sorts; some are living, others lifeless; in the rudder, the pilot of a ship has a lifeless, in the look-out man, a living instrument; for in the arts the servant is a kind of instrument. Thus, too, a possession is an instrument for maintaining life. And so, in the arrangement of the family, a slave is a living possession, and property a number of such instruments; and the servant is himself an instrument which takes precedence of all other instruments. For if every instrument could accomplish its own work, obeying or anticipating the will of others, like the statues of Daedalus, or the tripods of Hephaestus, which, says the poet, 'of their own accord entered the assembly of the Gods;' if, in like manner, the shuttle would weave and the plectrum touch the lyre without a hand to guide them, chief workmen would not want servants, nor masters slaves. Here, however, another distinction must be drawn; the instruments commonly so called are instruments of production, whilst a possession is an instrument of action. The shuttle, for example, is not only of use; but something else is made by it, whereas of a garment or of a bed there is only the use. Further, as production and action are different in kind, and both require instruments, the instruments which they employ must likewise differ in kind. But life is action and not production, and therefore the slave is the minister of action," and, "the ox is the poor man's slave."(<a href="http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/politics.1.one.html">5</a>)<br />
<br />
Even setting aside for the moment the question of the wide variety of things that humans can do that animals can't (excepting in some cases other primates), Mises seems to be implying here that slaves are naturally inclined to be lazy or otherwise unmotivated. That might be the case if slaves were merely unpaid, or rather, paid at around the subsistence level (food/water). But that's not quite what we mean when we say chattel slavery. There are people who voluntarily, without the threat of violence (at least, not by the employer), accept jobs that pay nothing but food and water. While the desperation that drives people to accept such jobs is another interesting and not unrelated topic, for it is often people who have recently escaped violence, that's not what we're talking about here. While it's not my intention to delineate the exact distinction between chattel slavery and other types of violence, as if they could all be divided into neat little boxes, the chattel slave is generally regarded by the master as a tool to be used, and the use of this particular tool often involves inflicting pain and fear. There are many ways to inflict pain, beating, whipping, etc etc. Some leave little or no trace of physical damage.(6) The way <a href="https://vimeo.com/39383629">Kevin Bales</a> explains it is, "Slavery is what slavery has always been. It's about one person completely controlling another person using violence and then exploiting them economically, paying them nothing. That's what slavery is about." (<a href="https://vimeo.com/39383629">7, 7:52-8:05</a>)<br />
<br />
Necessity is the mother of invention." And great necessity arises from pain and fear, which activates our survival instincts. In these moments of desperation, our talents for innovation, creativity, and efficiency are greatly heightened. Our capability frequently extends beyond our knowledge of such capabilities.<br />
<br />
Also from your Mises quote, "The upper limit beyond which it is impossible to lift the quality and quantity of the products and services rendered by slave and serf labor is far below the standards of free labor."<br />
<br />
This has been proven untrue repeatedly throughout history. I already quoted some examples for you. Did you read them?<br />
<br />
To repeat one, from an interview with a freed <a href="https://vimeo.com/39383629">carpet slave</a> in modern-day India, “In the morning at 5 o’clock I wake up, then start to work. Then at night at 12 o’clock we stop working. […] Here, you know, here, they [the fingers] are cut. The loom is so tight, then we do like that. Then this finger moves, and here it’s cut. And here also it’s cut. […] He had one big stick. […] Then if we are not working he beats. […] Okay, I’m working I’m working, don’t beat me.” (<a href="https://vimeo.com/39383629">7, 40:34-41:40</a>)<br />
<br />
Go watch the interview for yourself if you don't believe me. Better yet, watch the whole documentary. 5 AM to 12 midnight is a 19-hour workday. A 133-hour workweek. For no pay other than food and water, and under threat of beating. Have you ever heard of a non-slave willing to work those kind of hours for that kind of pay? If only one could solve the problem of figuring out how to escape, one can get a better deal from Nature, just by foraging, assuming the local Nature hasn't been destroyed by polluting corporations or whomever. Or dumpster-diving in a city environment, either way. You know what, even if you aren't confident in your ability to forage, dumpster-dive, barter, pickpocket, busk, shoplift, or find some other way to make it without an employer, plenty of people have <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Moral_letters_to_Lucilius/Letter_17">chosen hunger over violence</a>.(<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Moral_letters_to_Lucilius/Letter_17">8</a>) (And yes, I realize libertarians would object to some or all of the possible methods I listed for making it without an employer post-escape, doesn't matter, the point is, it happens whether you like it or not. Austrianism is about modelling human behavior, no? Well, crime is part of human behavior, and escaping violence is a strong incentive to commit crime. Thomas Hobbes understood this, hence his handy list of "<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/3207/3207-h/3207-h.htm#link2H_4_0358">Totall Excuses</a>."(<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/3207/3207-h/3207-h.htm#link2H_4_0358">9</a>) In fact, on page 172 of Mr. Mises' Human Action, he does indeed mention that people can choose to withdraw from civilization, though I would disagree with Mr. Mises equating civilization to peace. Civilization is quite violent.)<br />
<br />
I also gave you several quotes from the book, "The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism." Edward Baptist's book is well-researched, based on interviews and other sources, and gives details on how torture was used on African American slaves to inspire them to new heights of productivity. I hate repeating myself, but since you don't seem to have read them before, on pages 142-143, “Hard forced labor multiplied US cotton production to 130 times its 1800 level by 1860. Slave labor camps were more efficient producers of revenue than free farms in the North. Planter-entrepreneurs conquered a subcontinent in a lifetime, creating from nothing the most significant staple-commodity stream in the world economy. They became the richest class of white people in the United States, and perhaps the world.”(10) Page 144, “The whip drove men and women to turn all of their bodies and much of their minds to the task of picking faster and faster.” Pages 129-131, “And perhaps most conclusively, after the Civil War, when many cotton planters would pay pickers by the pound at the end of a day’s work, free labor motivated by a wage did not produce the same amount of cotton per hour of picking as slave labor had. What enslavers used was a system of measurement and negative incentives. Actually, one should avoid such euphemisms. Enslavers used measurement to calibrate torture in order to force cotton pickers to figure out how to increase their own productivity and thus push through the picking bottleneck. The continuous process of innovation thus generated was the ultimate cause of the massive increase in the production of high-quality, cheap cotton: an absolutely necessary increase if the Western world was to burst out of the 10,000-year Malthusian cycle of agriculture. This system confounds our expectations, because, like abolitionists, we want to believe that the free labor system is not only more moral that systems of coercion, but more efficient. Faith in that a priori is very useful. It means we never have to resolve existential contradictions between productivity and freedom. And slave labor surely was wasteful and unproductive. Its captives knew it wasted the days and years and centuries extorted from them. They would never get those days back. Yet those who actually endured those days knew the secret that, over time, drove cotton-picking to continually higher levels of efficiency.”(10) Page 142, “Thus torture compelled and then exposed left-handed capacities, subordinated them to the power of the enslaver, turned them against people themselves. And thus untold amounts of mental labor, unknown breakthroughs of human creativity, were the keys to an astonishing increase in cotton production that required no machinery–save the whipping-machine, of course. With it, enslavers looted the riches of black folk’s minds, stole days and moths and years and lifetimes, turned sweat, blood, and flesh into gold. They forced people to behave in the fields as if they themselves were disembodied, mechanical hands that moved ever more swiftly over the cotton plant at the wave of the enslaver’s hand. Enslavers forced the sleight of the left hand to yield to the service of their own right-handed power.”(10)<br />
<br />
You wrote, "Well, in order to compel the slaves to produce (such as picking cotton), the owners and their subordinates would have to announce minimum standards of output, below which the slaves would be punished. In setting this threshold, the owners couldn’t be too unreasonable, because frequent physical punishments would reduce the health of the slaves. Yet this means that all of the slaves who actually were 'above average' would have no reason to excel. They would have the incentive to do the bare minimum to avoid punishment."<br />
<br />
First off, slaveowners and overseers were quite capable of setting individual quotas for slaves. To pull another quote from Edward Baptist's book, from page 133, "The overseer, wrote one owner in the rules he created for his Louisiana labor camp in 1820, 'shall see that the people of the plantation that are fit to pick cotton shall do it and Pick clean as much as possible and quantity conforming [to] their age[,] Strength & Capacitys.' Sarah Wells remembered that near Warren County, Mississippi, where she grew up, some slaves picked 100 pounds a day, some 300, and some 500. But if your quota was 250 pounds, and one day you didn't reach it, 'they'd punish you, put you in the stocks,' and beat you. If a new hand couldn't meet the set quota, that hand would have to improve his or her 'capacity for picking,' or the whip would balance the account. 'You are mistaken when you say your negroes are ignorant of the proper way of working,' wrote Robert Beverley about a new crew transported from Virginia to Alabama. 'They only need to be made to do it... by flogging and that quite often.' A few years later, having received another batch of people, he wrote, 'They are very difficult negroes to make pick cotton. I have flogged this day, you would think if you had seen it[,] without mercy.' Learning how to meet one's quota was difficult, and those who met it before sunset had to keep picking. As William Anderson moved toward his quota in a Mississippi field, his new enslaver repeatedly knocked him down with a heavy stick, claiming William was lagging."(10) Furthermore, these quotas increased over time, from page 134, "After Israel Campbell figured out how to meet his quota, Belfer raised Campbell's requirement to 175 pounds per day. John Brown remembered that 'as I picked so well at first, more was extracted of me, and if I flagged a minute the whip was applied liberally to keep me up to my mark. By being driven this way, I at last got to pick a hundred and sixty pounds a day,' after starting at a minimum requirement of 100. Cotton-picking increased because quotas rose. In 1805, Wade Hampton and his henchmen gradually increased their demands on Ball until he was picking 50-odd pounds a day. By the late 1820s, enslavers in Mississippi and Tennessee demanded 100 pounds. Five years later, that total had gone up by another 30 pounds. Hands now moved 'like a bresh heap afire'--'as if,' a Mississippi planter wrote, 'some new motive power was applied in the process.' As if, in other words, mechanical engines hummed inside the enslaved, as if the disembodied hands of whites' language moved by themselves over the cotton plants in the field. By the 1850s, ex-slaves reported, enslavers demanded 200 pounds or more of most slaves on some places, and even 250 on others."(10)<br />
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Secondly, slave owners typically feel no need to be reasonable or worry about "reducing the health of the slaves". Slaves these days are regarded by their masters as disposable, and they have throughout much of history as well. Slaves die all the time, either from the hard work or the punishment itself. "The health of the slaves" is simply not a concern most of the time, and even when it is, see discussion of inflicting pain without leaving a trace above. <a href="https://vimeo.com/39383629">Kevin Bales</a> says, "There is a glut of slaves, and when you use them, you throw them away if you don't want them anymore. They're disposable." (<a href="https://vimeo.com/39383629">7, 8:45-8:53</a>)<br />
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In Qatar, slaves often <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjqQLVRZyyw">die from heart attacks</a>.(<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjqQLVRZyyw">11</a>) In a period of 3 years (2011-2013), there were 1,239 documented <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-33019838">Indian and Nepali deaths in Qatar</a>. If Bangladeshi workers are included, the number jumps to around 1,800.(<a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-33019838">12</a>)<br />
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According to a <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36416751">Burmese man</a> who escaped slavery in the seafood industry, "People said, anyone who tried to escape had their legs broken, their hands broken or were even killed."(<a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36416751">13</a>)<br />
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From <a href="http://abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=132685">Bharti Tapas</a>, a former prostitute, "When I arrived at the brothel, I refused to do what they told me to and they beat me and starved me for 10 days. I thought I would rather kill myself than be forced to work as a prostitute." From the same article, "She was just a schoolgirl when she found herself in Bombay, along with thousands of other girls who are beaten, locked in tiny cages or hidden in attics. Some are forced to have sex with as many as 20 men a day under the watchful eyes of madams and pimps. [...] It can take 10 years for a woman to buy her freedom — if she doesn't first succumb to AIDS, other STDs, complications from repeated abortions, malnourishment, malaria, or TB. Most don't make it to the age of 40."(<a href="http://abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=132685">1</a>) Does it sound like these madams and pimps care about "the health of the slaves"? <br />
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There's a whole book called "Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy" with numerous examples of how little regard modern masters have for "the health of the slaves". For example, in an e-mail the author received, "We had a rescue operation and rescued seven children from a carpet loom in Allahabad. All seven children are aged between ten and twelve years. Two of them are very sick, suffering from jaundice, and the others look malnourished."(14)<br />
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Tell me, does this description from an Ivory Coast <a href="http://vision.ucsd.edu/~kbranson/stopchocolateslavery/atasteofslavery.html">chocolate slave</a> sound "reasonable" to you? "Some of the bags were taller than me. It took two people to put the bag on my head. And when you didn't hurry, you were beaten. The beatings were a part of my life. Anytime they loaded you with bags and you fell while carrying them, nobody helped you. Instead, they beat you and beat you until you picked it up again."(<a href="http://vision.ucsd.edu/~kbranson/stopchocolateslavery/atasteofslavery.html">15</a>) From another former Ivory Coast <a href="https://vimeo.com/39383629">chocolate slave</a>, "When we were rescued he had been beaten so much he couldn't walk. After you were beaten your body had cuts and wounds everywhere. Then the flies would infect the wounds, so they'd fill with pus. You had to recover while you worked. [...] When he beat someone to the point that he couldn't move, he took him out of the plantation. He took the person away. We never saw that person again." (<a href="https://vimeo.com/39383629">7, 19:15-19:57</a>) It costs about <a href="https://vimeo.com/39383629">15 British pounds</a> to buy a slave in the Ivory Coast. That's how little human life is valued on the market, when the human is not counted as a person.(<a href="https://vimeo.com/39383629">7, 1:04:58-1:07:25</a>)<br />
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The disposability of slaves is nothing new, Roman gladiators were disposable too. From <a href="http://abacus.bates.edu/~mimber/blood/gladiator.sources.htm#Cicero">Cicero</a>, "Just look at the gladiators, either debased men or foreigners, and consider the blows they endure! Consider how they who have been well-disciplined prefer to accept a blow than ignominiously avoid it! How often it is made clear that they consider nothing other than the satisfaction of their master or the people! Even when they are covered with wounds they send a messenger to their master to inquire his will. If they have given satisfaction to their masters, they are pleased to fall. What even mediocre gladiator ever groans, ever alters the expression on his face? Which one of them acts shamefully, either standing or falling? And which of them, even when he does succumb, ever contracts his neck when ordered to receive the blow?"(<a href="http://abacus.bates.edu/~mimber/blood/gladiator.sources.htm#Cicero">16</a>) It wasn't only the gladiators, according to <a href="http://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/28933/GALEN_ON_THE_PASSIONS_AND_ERRORS_OF_THE_SOUL.pdf?sequence=1">Galen</a>, "When I was a young man I imposed upon myself an injunction which I have observed through my whole life, namely, never to strike any slave of my household with my hand. My father practiced this same restraint. Many were the friends he reproved when they had bruised a tendon while striking their slaves in the teeth; he told them that they deserved to have a stroke and die in the fit of passion which had come upon them. They could have waited a little while, he said, and used a rod or whip to inflict as many blows as they wished and to accomplish the act with reflection. Other men, however, not only (strike) with their fists but kick and gouge out the eyes and stab with a stylus when they happen to have one in their hands. I saw a man , in his anger, strike a slave in the eye with a reed pen. The Emperor Hadrian, they say, struck one of his slaves in the eye with a stylus."(<a href="http://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/28933/GALEN_ON_THE_PASSIONS_AND_ERRORS_OF_THE_SOUL.pdf?sequence=1">17</a>)<br />
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The master sees himself as the owner of the slaves, not as a steward. An owner, in the Western sense of the word, has the right to destroy. And slave owners often do <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3h1516t.html">destroy their slaves</a>.(<a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3h1516t.html">18</a>)<br />
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You wrote, "In this environment, one plantation owner perceives the problem. He makes the rounds and gives speeches to all of the slaves held by his neighbors. He says, 'I know the conditions you face here, and I know some of you have the ability to produce much more, if only it were in your self-interest. So if you volunteer, you can come to my plantation for a trial period of one month. I will expect you to pick twice as much cotton as your current master expects. However, if you do so, then I will give you twice the standard of living you currently enjoy here. Further, if you don’t live up to my expectations, you won’t be punished; I will simply return you here. You will find that the slaves at my plantation are all treated with courtesy, because I’m running a business. I have made an arrangement with your current owner, so that if you end up staying with me permanently, I’ll pay him a price 50% above your current market value for you. He wins, but so do I, because you’ll produce double at my plantation what you would produce anywhere else under their existing framework.'"<br />
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Okay, there are so many problems with this... first off, consider the carpet slave above. He was already working a <a href="https://vimeo.com/39383629">133-hour workweek</a>.(<a href="https://vimeo.com/39383629">7</a>) A 266-hour workweek would be impossible. There's only 168 hours in a week, and that's if you never sleep. And I've already covered the allegation that slaves don't work that hard. You realize slave-made carpet prices undercut free-made carpet prices? Go watch the documentary if you don't believe me. Also, twice the standard of living? What, twice the food? Double of almost nothing is still almost nothing, certainly not enough to inspire someone to break the laws of time. Also, while not being beaten would be nice, threatening to return someone to a violent situation is still a sort of violence. Certainly, dragging them back is a sort of violence. (This does happen in the shadow economy when some employers threaten to call immigration if their employees do not agree to very bad terms.) Also, the carpet slave would have absolutely no way of enforcing this contract. Contracts are ultimately useless to those who do not have the power to enforce them. Indeed, broken promises/contracts are how a lot of people are lured into slavery to begin with. See Qatar for example, though it happens everywhere.<br />
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Regarding <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/25/revealed-qatars-world-cup-slaves">Qatar</a>, from one interview, "They promised me $600 a month. But in Delhi [in transit], they tore up my contract and threw it away. On the plane I saw my new contract was for just 900 riyal a month. It was for a construction job. Even then, I didn't get paid for five months. I took a loan to come here, [but without a salary] I couldn't pay it back."(<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/25/revealed-qatars-world-cup-slaves">19, 3:32-3:55</a>) (900 riyal is about 240 USD.) <br />
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This sort of thing, broken promises or contracts or treaties or whatever, is one of the common motifs in chattel slavery and other forms of violence. According to a former slave named <a href="https://vimeo.com/39383629">Roseline</a> here in the United States, "She made a promise. While I'm her [inaudible] she was going to send me to school. So I came here. I was helping her, and I've been here so long but she didn't do what... she didn't send me to school. [...] I get up at around like um 6 o'clock something 6:30. I go back to bed like around 2, 2:30. [...] I wasn't allowed to use the phone, and um, I can't write. If I write, they were going to open it and look what's inside. [...] They used to hit me. I can't go for three days without them hitting me up. [...] She calls me, she says um, you motherfucker. You're so dumb. You're stupid. Asshole." (<a href="https://vimeo.com/39383629">7, 35:30-38:20</a>)<br />
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In the second article you linked, you wrote, "Besides being immoral, it would be ridiculously inefficient if TODAY the black surgeons, dentists, accountants, musicians, etc. were instead transported by gnomes into the hands of large landowners, to be put to work in the fields picking cotton under threat of whipping."<br />
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This argument is ridiculous. First of all, you realize most of the chattel slaves these days have not received much if any formal education? I'm sure there are exceptions, but generally speaking, surgeons, dentists, and accountants are not currently being targeted. These are typically people who were born into slavery or fell into it after receiving little or no formal education. Secondly, not all chattel slaves work in fields and not all who work in fields are chattel slaves. Even in the narrow context of US racial slavery, not all the slaves actually worked in the fields. <a href="http://www.mountvernon.org/digital-encyclopedia/article/hercules/">George Washington's cook</a> was a slave, for example.(<a href="http://www.mountvernon.org/digital-encyclopedia/article/hercules/">20</a>) In ancient Rome, some slaves were in fact used as doctors and accountants.(21)(22) Aristotle, an ancient Greek, considered the public performance of music to be the domain of slaves, being too vulgar for free persons to engage in.(<a href="http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/politics.8.eight.html">23</a>)<br />
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You also wrote, "Why did slavery persist so long, if market forces should have abolished it quickly? The answer is that we didn’t have an otherwise free market, within which the slave system operated. There were all sorts of regulations on slave holders; they weren’t actually able to do whatever they wanted with 'their property.' For example, there were state laws regulating or banning outright manumission (the practice of an owner freeing his slave), and in some places it was illegal to teach your slaves how to read."<br />
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You realize chattel slavery was never abolished? I mean, I've given a bunch of examples already and you can find more in my sources. The victims have changed and the form has morphed, more of it happens overseas than actually in the US, but chattel slavery is quite common. You realize all the slave masters in the Ivory Coast and India and most other places are operating illegally? There's no legal slave system helping them -- this is part of the shadow economy. The dark, violent part. Though the products are still legal to buy. In any case, they could manumit or educate their slaves any time they wanted. In fact, in some cases it is more efficient for them to release worn out slaves and get new ones.(24) That doesn't result in slavery ending, though. Regarding the situation in the Ivory Coast, some abolitionists blamed the removal of the price floor on chocolate for worsening the slavery situation. "<a href="https://vimeo.com/39383629">Until last year</a>, the price farmer's got for their cocoa was guaranteed by the government, but the World Bank felt farmers were being cheated, and believed they'd do better dealing directly with the cocoa buyers. So the World Bank made the government scrap the price guarantee system for the Ivory Coast to qualify for partial debt relief. Since then, the cocoa price has plummeted reaching a record low this February. Farmers now get less than ever before for their cocoa. One of the ways they can deal with the squeeze that puts on them, the pressure that puts on them, is to pay even less for the labor they use in the fields, in the plantations, or, if they're unscrupulous to enslave the labor. And the situation of structural adjustment has put the pressure on the farmers to use slave labor to produce cocoa." (<a href="https://vimeo.com/39383629">7, 27:40-28:44</a>) I know Austrolibertarians are hypersensitive on the topic of price controls, so, perhaps you'd care to respond to that? <br />
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Look at yourself -- you are probably still buying slave-made chocolate rather than free-made chocolate (or whatever other good, if you do not buy chocolate), and it's not because the government is telling you which to buy. (Feel free to object if I am wrong.) Many abolitionists, including myself, <a href="https://vimeo.com/39383629">blame hedonistic consumer habits</a> for the prevalence of slavery, "[Sachs?] estimates that as many as nine out of ten carpets that don't carry the Rugmark may have been touched by the small hands of slavery. With so many child slaves involved, it's perhaps surprising that so few UK retailers support the Rugmark scheme." (<a href="https://vimeo.com/39383629">7, 54:25-55:33</a>) From Kevin Bales, "Why is it, when I go to big department stores, aren't all the rugs carrying the Rugmark? You know, why doesn't, why aren't all the consumers saying, 'we want to only buy rugs with the Rugmark label.' Because, it's a very simple thing to do, to be able to say, 'I'm only going to buy a good if you can show me that it's not made by slaves,'" and, "We have to make it clear to the multinationals that slavery is too high a price to pay for cheap goods."(<a href="https://vimeo.com/39383629">7, 54:25-55:33, 1:08:40-1:08:46</a>)<br />
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Historically, the Romans allowed manumission and educating of slaves. <a href="https://dailystoic.com/epictetus/">Epictetus</a> was an educated and manumitted slave.(<a href="https://dailystoic.com/epictetus/">25</a>) Slavery was still common in ancient Roman society -- manumission and education were the exceptions, not the norms. I believe most ancient Greek cities permitted manumission. <br />
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In <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/25/revealed-qatars-world-cup-slaves">Qatar</a>, you actually can blame the government for not allowing the slaves to leave the country or switch employers... but oh, wait, <a href="https://mises.org/library/law-without-state">you don't actually believe in freedom of movement</a>.(<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/25/revealed-qatars-world-cup-slaves">19</a>)(<a href="https://mises.org/library/law-without-state">26</a>) Seriously, can you explain what definition of "self-ownership" you have that does not include freedom of movement? I genuinely don't understand this point. Unless you are using the Stoic definition of merely owning one's own will but not one's actual physical person, and that was really a practical argument, an acknowledgement of how much in life is not under our control -- it was not a moral argument. Though given your apparent lack of concern for landowners harmed by eminent domain, split estates, and forced pooling, it is hard to believe you even think all landowners deserve this "self-ownership" of which you speak, let alone landless escapees fleeing violence. I suppose only some landowners count as human beings to you?<br />
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It's worth noting that in the post-war south, anti-vagrancy laws were passed in which the allegedly freed slaves could be <a href="http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Vagrancy_Act_of_1866">condemned to forced labor</a> simply for being homeless or unemployed or whatever.(<a href="http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Vagrancy_Act_of_1866">27</a>) Supporting free movement is a simple matter of not standing in the way of people fleeing from war, slavery, other types of violence, or any situation sufficiently undesirable to them that they would rather sleep outdoors in the elements.<br />
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I have personally fled, more than once. Relative to my physical person being regarded as an outlet for the benefit of other people's PTSD or whatever the latest excuse was, storms seemed kind by comparison. Nature, at least, is not angry. A storm does not try to make you hate yourself, does not try to tell you how to live your life, does not blame you for things that happened decades before you even met the storm, does not tell you not to fight for yourself, does not tell you the world would be a better place without you, and while there is physical discomfort in a storm, it is not an attack specifically targeted at you, your family, or your community. A storm simply is, and you simply figure out how to survive it as best you can, without need for all of the emotions frequently associated with countering a human threat. Nature also frequently provides some sort of shelter, if only a tree to lean against. Nature also provides a variety of edible plants and insects, such as dandelions and ants.<br />
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I understand that this most likely makes me some sort of non-violent criminal by libertarian standards -- probably trespassing and theft of plants to start with. So what are you going to do about it? I'm pretty sure y'all don't have those hyper-draconian libertarian police yet (more moderate libertarians excluded). Whatever, it doesn't really matter, seeing as how a number of you don't seem to count us "externalities" as human anyway. I simply want you to understand that I am not at all impressed with your violent "civilization". That I fear neither chocolate shortages nor electric power outages. I realize that you have some sort of inhibition against offending students, so I want you to understand that I am no student. I am a non-violent enemy scout (and most likely a criminal by libertarian standards) attempting to get you to defect for the purpose of waging non-violence against whatever form of severe violence I can get your attention on (at the moment, chattel slavery). So please, don't worry about offending me. Whether or not I feel offended is irrelevant. It's too late to worry about it anyway, I already read your little anti-loitering spiel on <a href="https://mises.org/system/tdf/lessons_for_the_young_economist_murphy_0.pdf?file=1&type=document">page 73 of Lessons for the Young Economist</a>, among other things.(<a href="https://mises.org/system/tdf/lessons_for_the_young_economist_murphy_0.pdf?file=1&type=document">28</a>) (Just so we're clear on semantics, you are aware that loitering, as the police generally use the term, can include sleeping, playing music, and bleeding out the back of one's head, right?) So, if you wouldn't mind being direct and forthright, that might increase the productivity of this conversation.<br />
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Your most humble servant,<br />
Aisling<br />
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1. Raphael, Rebecca et al. "Girls Forced Into Prostitution." ABC News. <a href="http://abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=132685">http://abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=132685</a> (accessed March 16, 2017).<br />
2. Kristof, Nicholas, and Manaal. "7 Agonizing Stories From Within The Brothels That Will Literally Shake You." Emlii. <a href="http://www.emlii.com/1cd605b7/7-Agonizing-Stories-From-Within-The-Brothels-That-Will-Literally-Shake-You">http://www.emlii.com/1cd605b7/7-Agonizing-Stories-From-Within-The-Brothels-That-Will-Literally-Shake-You</a> (accessed March 16, 2017).<br />
3. Keith, Hopkins, and Beard, Mary. The Colosseum. 2005. Reprint, London: Profile Books, 2006. <br />
4. Kyle, Donald. Spectacles of Death in Ancient Rome. London: Routledge, 1998.<br />
5. Aristotle. Translated by Benjamin Jowett. “Book One.” In Politics. The Internet Classics Archive. <a href="http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/politics.1.one.html">http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/politics.1.one.html</a> (accessed February 27, 2017).<br />
6. Payne-James, Jason et al. "Medical Examination." In Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine. Second edition. Amsterdam: Academic Press. "Torturers may select methods of torture because they leave no physical evidence, or they may modify methods of torture to reduce the possibility of producing physical evidence."<br />
7. True Vision of London. Slavery: A Global Investigation. Vimeo/Free the Slaves, 2001. <a href="https://vimeo.com/39383629">https://vimeo.com/39383629</a> (accessed January 10, 2017).<br />
8. Seneca. "Moral letters to Lucilius/Letter 17." Wikisource. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Moral_letters_to_Lucilius/Letter_17">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Moral_letters_to_Lucilius/Letter_17</a> (accessed March 15, 2017). "Men have endured hunger when their towns were besieged, and what other reward for their endurance did they obtain than that they did not fall under the conqueror's power? How much greater is the promise of the prize of everlasting liberty, and the assurance that we need fear neither God nor man! Even though we starve, we must reach that goal. [...] Will any man hesitate to endure poverty, in order that he may free his mind from madness?"<br />
9. Hobbes, Thomas. "Totall Excuses." In Leviathan. Project Gutenberg. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/3207/3207-h/3207-h.htm#link2H_4_0358">h</a><a href="ttp://www.gutenberg.org/files/3207/3207-h/3207-h.htm#link2H_4_0358">ttp://www.gutenberg.org/files/3207/3207-h/3207-h.htm#link2H_4_0358</a> (accessed March 14, 2017). "If a man by the terrour of present death, be compelled to doe a fact against the Law, he is totally Excused; because no Law can oblige a man to abandon his own preservation. And supposing such a Law were obligatory; yet a man would reason thus, "If I doe it not, I die presently; if I doe it, I die afterwards; therefore by doing it, there is time of life gained;" Nature therefore compells him to the fact. When a man is destitute of food, or other thing necessary for his life, and cannot preserve himselfe any other way, but by some fact against the Law; as if in a great famine he take the food by force, or stealth, which he cannot obtaine for mony nor charity; or in defence of his life, snatch away another mans Sword, he is totally Excused, for the reason next before alledged." <br />
10. Baptist, Edward. The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism. New York: Basic Books, 2014.<br />
11. ESPN UK. "'A 21st Century slave state' | Qatar World Cup 2022." Youtube. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjqQLVRZyyw">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjqQLVRZyyw</a> (accessed January 10, 2017). <br />
12. Stephenson, Wesley. "Have 1,200 World Cup workers really died in Qatar?" BBC, June 6, 2015. <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-33019838">http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-33019838</a> (accessed March 14, 2017).<br />
13. BBC. "What does modern slavery look like?" BBC News, May 31, 2016. <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36416751">http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36416751</a> (accessed March 14, 2017).<br />
14. Bales, Kevin. "Preface to the Revised Edition." In Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy. 1999. Revised edition, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012. p. xiii<br />
15. Raghavan, Sudarsan, and Chatterjee, Sumana. "A Taste of Slavery." Knight Ridder Newspapers, June 24, 2001. <a href="http://vision.ucsd.edu/~kbranson/stopchocolateslavery/atasteofslavery.html">http://vision.ucsd.edu/~kbranson/stopchocolateslavery/atasteofslavery.html</a> (accessed January 10, 2017).<br />
16. Imber, Margaret. "Spectacles of Blood: Roman Gladiators and Christian Martyrs, Primary Sources for Gladiatorial Games." Bates College. <a href="http://abacus.bates.edu/~mimber/blood/gladiator.sources.htm#Cicero">http://abacus.bates.edu/~mimber/blood/gladiator.sources.htm#Cicero</a> (accessed March 16, 2017).<br />
17. Galen. Translated by Harkins, Paul. On the Passions and Errors of the Soul. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1963. <a href="http://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/28933/GALEN_ON_THE_PASSIONS_AND_ERRORS_OF_THE_SOUL.pdf?sequence=1">http://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/28933/GALEN_ON_THE_PASSIONS_AND_ERRORS_OF_THE_SOUL.pdf?sequence=1</a>) (accessed March 16, 2017).<br />
18. Academic Affairs Library. "A Slave is Tortured." PBS. <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3h1516t.html">http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3h1516t.html</a> (accessed March 15, 2017). "I could tell of more slaveholders as cruel as those I have described. They are not exceptions to the general rule. I do not say there are no humane slaveholders. Such characters do exist, notwithstanding the hardening influences around them. But they are 'like angels' visits -- few and far between."<br />
19. Pattisson, Pete. "Revealed: Qatar's World Cup 'slaves.'" The Guardian, September 25, 2013. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/25/revealed-qatars-world-cup-slaves">https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/25/revealed-qatars-world-cup-slaves</a> (accessed January 10, 2017).<br />
20. Lenhart, Chelsea. "Hercules." Digital Encyclopedia of George Washington. <a href="http://www.mountvernon.org/digital-encyclopedia/article/hercules/">http://www.mountvernon.org/digital-encyclopedia/article/hercules/</a> (accessed March 15, 2017).<br />
21. Kobayashi, Masao. "The Social Status of Doctors in the Early Roman Empire." In Forms of Control and Subordination in Antiquity. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1986. p. 416.<br />
22. Bradley, Keith. Slavery and Society at Rome. 1994. Reprint, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. p. 161.<br />
23. Aristotle. Translated by Benjamin Jowett. “Book Eight.” In Politics. The Internet Classics Archive. <a href="http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/politics.8.eight.html">http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/politics.8.eight.html</a> (accessed March 17, 2017).<br />
24. Bales, Kevin. Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy. 1999. Revised edition, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012. p. xiii<br />
25. Daily Stoic. "Who Is Epictetus? From Slave To World’s Most Sought After Philosopher." Daily Stoic. <a href="https://dailystoic.com/epictetus/">https://dailystoic.com/epictetus/</a> (accessed March 16, 2017).<br />
26. Murphy, Robert. "Law without the State." Mises Daily Articles, November 4, 2011. <a href="https://mises.org/library/law-without-state">https://mises.org/library/law-without-state</a> (accessed March 17, 2017).<br />
27. Tarter, Brent. "Vagrancy Act of 1866." Encyclopedia Virginia. <a href="http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Vagrancy_Act_of_1866">http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Vagrancy_Act_of_1866</a> (accessed March 15, 2017).<br />
28. Murphy, Robert. Lessons for the Young Economist. Auburn: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2010. <a href="https://mises.org/system/tdf/lessons_for_the_young_economist_murphy_0.pdf?file=1&type=document">https://mises.org/system/tdf/lessons_for_the_young_economist_murphy_0.pdf?file=1&type=document</a> (accessed March 15, 2017).Aislinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08357084413835432243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7548459907331767733.post-45127389718650776472017-02-28T13:16:00.000-08:002017-02-28T14:18:46.602-08:00Solar panels for peace! Wind mills for peace!<div class="comment-renderer-text" role="article" tabindex="0">
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Reposting two comments I left on a Juice Media youtube video about #NoDAPL. In summary, I was replying one person was concerned about the affordability of going green, and another person concerned that the "liberals" would invade more countries in the Middle East. Edited for formatting, but you can go see the original conversations <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bw45GnOuQ-4">here</a> if you like. I put this on <a href="https://medium.com/@aisling.abbandonato/solar-panels-for-peace-wind-mills-for-peace-47044f55fdc0">Medium</a> as well.</div>
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"A thousand-mile journey begins with a single step." -- <a href="http://taotechingme.com/chapter-64-at-rest-is-easy-to-hold">Lao</a> <a href="http://www.yellowbridge.com/onlinelit/daodejing64.php">Tzu</a><br />
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It would seem that switching to green electricity -- wind, solar, etc. -- would come before worrying about the cars, as a matter of practicality. Switching to electric cars while the electricity is still made from fossil fuels and <a href="https://orionmagazine.org/article/uranium-mining-native-resistance-and-the-greener-path/">nuclear fission</a> seems unlikely to accomplish much. (Please note that natural gas is indeed a fossil fuel and not green, in spite of being falsely marketed as such sometimes -- see Josh Fox's <a href="http://one.gaslandthemovie.com/home">Gasland</a> and <a href="http://www.gaslandthemovie.com/">Gasland 2</a> for details. That is, unless they are talking about gas from plant matter, but normally that is referred to as "biogas" to avoid confusion.) <a href="http://energyinformative.org/best-solar-lease-ppa-solarcity-sunrun-sungevity-sunpower/">SolarCity, Sungevity, others</a>, offer deals where where they front the cost of the solar panels and let you buy the electricity -- and the solar panels too, over time -- for more or less the price you are paying now (often less), and without the risk of the price increasing over time as it might with your electric utility. </div>
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If you're a hands-on type person, and can afford a small up-front investment, it's also possible to <a href="http://www.instructables.com/id/How-To-Build-A-Solar-Panel/">make solar panels</a>.<br />
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It's also possible you might get more bang for your buck installing a <a href="http://www.toptenreviews.com/home/hvac/best-solar-water-heaters/">solar water heater</a> before solar panels.<br />
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<a href="https://cleantechnica.com/2008/03/21/the-five-best-micro-wind-turbines/">Micro wind</a> might be a good option for some people.<br />
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If you don't own your roof, or if you can't install enough solar panels up there to cover your electric use, another option is to purchase green electricity via your utility, which generally doesn't cost that much more than your current prices. Conservation measures, even little things like unplugging appliances that are not in use, can help counteract that by bringing your prices down.
If you live in the United States, there's a lot of information <a href="http://apps3.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/buying/buying_power.shtml">here</a>, for Australians <a href="http://www.greenpower.gov.au/Homes/Find-a-Provider/">here</a>, for those in the UK <a href="http://www.greenelectricity.org/">here</a>, and an example of one Canadian green electricity provider <a href="https://www.bullfrogpower.com/green-energy/green-electricity/">here</a>.<br />
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So far as your car goes, there aren't really any options for going green on that which are affordable to those who cannot afford a substantial up-front investment. Otherwise, the most you could probably do (without giving up your lifestyle) would be to buy solar or wind offsets from time to time, maybe just $40 or so at a time, and perhaps switch to walking or biking for short-distance trips. Buying offsets is also a good option for people who do not pay separately for their electricity, or whose utility does not offer an option to buy green electricity instead. Indeed, many of the programs through utilities are offsets anyway, unless they specifically say you are buying local green electricity. In the long run, fuel cell vehicles will probably be better than electric ones. In any case, <a href="http://www.sterlingplanet.com/WhatWeDo/RenewableEnergy.aspx">Sterling Planet</a> and the <a href="https://www.massenergy.org/the-wind-fund">New England Wind Fund</a> are two options in the United States for wind offsets.<br />
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Ultimately, though, the water protectors are not accountable to the affordability of electricity and gasoline, but rather, to their own well being, and to the well being of the millions of people who depends on that river for water. They need not willingly sacrifice the water supply for millions of people just so that some other people can have cheap electricity and gasoline.</div>
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If you want to avoid wars for oil and other fossil fuels everywhere, against Middle Eastern countries, against indigenous nations here on Turtle Island (what you call North America), and against anyone else, the answers are solar, wind, and other renewables. The cause of avoiding war in the Middle East does not justify war against American Indians any more than the cause of avoiding war against American Indians justifies war in the Middle East. Solar panels for peace! Wind mills for peace!<br />
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Also, not that it's news or anything, but if by "liberals" you mean "Democrats", the Democrat party has always been at best a fake green party -- to point to an obvious examples, bombing other countries is not green. True, a few green politicians may have infiltrated the Democrat party, and some greens may vote for them for "lesser evil" reasons, but the Democrat party as a whole are fake greens, not real ones. So it should come as no surprise that the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s2juCckwR4Q&t=0s">Democrat party doesn't care</a> about #NoDAPL either. Warmongers abroad, warmongers at home.</div>
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Aislinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08357084413835432243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7548459907331767733.post-65568205506943733242017-02-22T20:06:00.004-08:002017-02-22T20:15:24.654-08:00What are the police doing that they won't even let NBC see what's happening?NBC asked <a href="https://www.facebook.com/kevin.happychappy/videos/1854511288154708/">Kevin</a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OnMDMR3ThJE">Gilbertt</a> if he knew any eyes and ears on the ground at Standing Rock because apparently their reporters were banned from entering.<br />
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NBC is mainstream media -- if they don't even what NBC to see this, what in God's name is going on there?<br />
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We already heard Eric Poemz crying out, "It hurts! Y'all broke my hip!" towards the end of <a href="https://www.facebook.com/epoemoceah/videos/vb.100002618598889/1200501240047151/">this video</a>. <a href="http://www.unicornriot.ninja/?p=13517">Unicorn Riot</a> published a picture of the incident.<br />
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Much love to our brothers and sisters on Sioux treaty land right now.Aislinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08357084413835432243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7548459907331767733.post-40074420585486613582017-02-15T08:12:00.002-08:002017-02-15T08:12:50.579-08:00A Reply To Robert P. Murphy On Clean Air
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">The actual letter is published <a href="https://beinglibertarian.com/reply-robert-p-murphy-clean-air/">here</a>, but since actual lists of references (as opposed to inline links) are apparently against beinglibertarian.com <a href="https://beinglibertarian.com/contribute/">editorial policy</a>, and some of the references are offline, plus a references list gives me the chance to direct you to particular chapters, pages, or segments, here is the references list.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">References</span>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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(accessed December 30, 2016).<br />
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China, as blanket of smog returns." <i>The Sydney Morning
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<span style="font-family: SimSun;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="zh-CN"><i>新华新闻</i></span></span></span>,
September 18, 2012.
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Company, 2016. ~1:15:00-1:41:00.<br />
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million." <i>China Daily</i>, January 23, 2016.
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(accessed January 3, 2017).<br />
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Investigating China’s Smog <span style="font-family: SimSun;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="zh-CN">柴静雾霾调查:穹顶之下
</span></span></span>(full translation)." Youtube.
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29. Wolf Eagle Environmental. "Dispersion Modeling of
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Aislinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08357084413835432243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7548459907331767733.post-1829828356448550992017-02-04T18:37:00.001-08:002017-02-04T18:37:55.766-08:00On the risks of homelessnes and the risks of being housed, and "society's" responsibility on the matter.<div class="graf graf--p" name="5149">
Repost of <a href="https://medium.com/@aisling.abbandonato/you-seem-to-be-operating-under-the-premise-that-being-homeless-is-always-risking-greater-ed27fef1b4fe#.k6vloq94p">something</a> I wrote on Medium. You can read the comment I am replying to <a href="https://medium.com/@hdc77494/your-article-raises-several-questions-for-the-students-the-university-and-for-society-but-none-of-8cfe68cd3832#.8wbk33pwj">here</a>, but this is fairly generic and could've been a reply to more or less anyone questioning other peoples' choices regarding homelessness.</div>
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You seem to be operating under the premise that being homeless is always risking “greater insecurity” and “suffering the indignities and physical risk associated with homelessness”. You leave out the risks of being housed. While the risks of being housed vary from person to person, they can potentially include <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://hanfordsentinel.com/news/local/crime/corcoran-man-allegedly-beat-assaulted-live-in-girlfriend/article_e1848a8f-ccaa-5554-a2b0-92eff1bdcde9.html" href="http://hanfordsentinel.com/news/local/crime/corcoran-man-allegedly-beat-assaulted-live-in-girlfriend/article_e1848a8f-ccaa-5554-a2b0-92eff1bdcde9.html" target="_blank">being</a> <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://nypost.com/2016/09/27/elderly-tenant-claims-super-attacked-her-so-shed-move-out/" href="http://nypost.com/2016/09/27/elderly-tenant-claims-super-attacked-her-so-shed-move-out/" target="_blank">beaten</a>, <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/homeless-woman-says-rape-was-price-of-a-nights-shelter/" href="http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/homeless-woman-says-rape-was-price-of-a-nights-shelter/" target="_blank">being</a> <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/my-life-is-a-living-hell-says-homeless-rape-victim-aisling-left-with-nowhere-to-turn-35244120.html" href="http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/my-life-is-a-living-hell-says-homeless-rape-victim-aisling-left-with-nowhere-to-turn-35244120.html" target="_blank">raped</a><a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20150826/south-deering/landlord-rapes-tenant-while-collecting-rent-prosecutors-say" href="https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20150826/south-deering/landlord-rapes-tenant-while-collecting-rent-prosecutors-say" target="_blank">,</a> <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/03/02/man-accused-of-waterboarding-girlfriend-to-determine-whether-she-was-being-unfaithful/" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/03/02/man-accused-of-waterboarding-girlfriend-to-determine-whether-she-was-being-unfaithful/" target="_blank">being</a> <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/369447-Influential-landlords-torture-tenant-in-Muridke" href="http://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/369447-Influential-landlords-torture-tenant-in-Muridke" target="_blank">physically</a> <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3969052/Psychology-professor-facing-life-prison-torturing-wife.html" href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3969052/Psychology-professor-facing-life-prison-torturing-wife.html" target="_blank">tormented</a> <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://www.dawn.com/news/1310596" href="http://www.dawn.com/news/1310596" target="_blank">in</a> <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://nation.com.pk/national/31-Dec-2016/police-rescues-29-forced-laborers-from-private-jail-in-badin" href="http://nation.com.pk/national/31-Dec-2016/police-rescues-29-forced-laborers-from-private-jail-in-badin" target="_blank">other</a> <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://www.insideedition.com/headlines/11775-burn-victim-creates-powerful-make-up-tutorial-to-call-for-an-end-to-acid-attacks" href="http://www.insideedition.com/headlines/11775-burn-victim-creates-powerful-make-up-tutorial-to-call-for-an-end-to-acid-attacks" target="_blank">ways</a>, <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://splitestate.com/" href="http://splitestate.com/" target="_blank">being</a> <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/wife-poisoned-husbands-christmas-day-6885690" href="http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/wife-poisoned-husbands-christmas-day-6885690" target="_blank">poisoned</a>, <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/investigations/readers-watchdog/2017/01/21/iowa-beaten-locked-up-another-abuse-case-raises-questions-natalie-finn/96413476/" href="http://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/investigations/readers-watchdog/2017/01/21/iowa-beaten-locked-up-another-abuse-case-raises-questions-natalie-finn/96413476/" target="_blank">being</a> <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://stage29.drphil.com/messageboard/view.user/342082/" href="http://stage29.drphil.com/messageboard/view.user/342082/" target="_blank">locked</a> <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://pctoday.pct.edu/roundtable-to-focus-on-civil-discourse-in-political-conversation/" href="https://pctoday.pct.edu/roundtable-to-focus-on-civil-discourse-in-political-conversation/" target="_blank">in</a> <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://www.cnn.com/2011/10/16/justice/pennsylvania-disabled-chained/" href="http://www.cnn.com/2011/10/16/justice/pennsylvania-disabled-chained/" target="_blank">a</a> <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-29559771" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-29559771" target="_blank">basement</a>, <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://nypost.com/2005/05/31/beastly-husband-psycho-chained-me-up-with-leopards-wife/" href="http://nypost.com/2005/05/31/beastly-husband-psycho-chained-me-up-with-leopards-wife/" target="_blank">being</a> <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://www.kvoa.com/story/33437243/tucsonans-break-their-silence-on-being-victims-of-domestic-violence" href="http://www.kvoa.com/story/33437243/tucsonans-break-their-silence-on-being-victims-of-domestic-violence" target="_blank">chained</a> <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://www.ocregister.com/articles/gordon-609806-wife-pummell.html" href="http://www.ocregister.com/articles/gordon-609806-wife-pummell.html" target="_blank">or</a> <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://kfor.com/2013/07/08/logan-county-investigates-child-handcuffed-at-home/" href="http://kfor.com/2013/07/08/logan-county-investigates-child-handcuffed-at-home/" target="_blank">handcuffed</a>, and <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/oakland-county/2017/02/03/prosecutor-lawyer-agree-man-killed-wife-bat/97447438/" href="http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/oakland-county/2017/02/03/prosecutor-lawyer-agree-man-killed-wife-bat/97447438/" target="_blank">being</a> <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/landlord-shoots-tenant-dead-article-1.1284499" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/landlord-shoots-tenant-dead-article-1.1284499" target="_blank">killed</a>— often in private, where there are no witnesses (although for references, I chose a number of examples that actually were published in the news, although such attention is really the exception rather than the rule).(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) A lot of people feel safer in a public area like a tent city where there are others around to intervene if things get out of hand, or in a place cheap enough that they can afford it on their own like a self-storage that they don’t have to share with anyone potentially violent, or else just finding hiding spots and being able to sleep in different places/run away more easily.</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="5149">
<br /></div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="4605">
Yes, being homeless is dangerous too, but all risk is relative, and sorting out the risks is for each person to decide for themselves. If a person feels physically safer or happier or even just financially more secure being homeless than not being homeless, who are you to tell them whether or not that choice is in their best interest, in the short run or the long run?</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="4605">
<br /></div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="f126">
I don’t know about homeless students specifically, but an <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/310291-Homelessness-Programs-and-the-People-They-Serve-Findings-of-the-National-Survey-of-Homeless-Assistance-Providers-and-Clients.PDF" href="http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/310291-Homelessness-Programs-and-the-People-They-Serve-Findings-of-the-National-Survey-of-Homeless-Assistance-Providers-and-Clients.PDF" target="_blank">estimated 44%</a> of homeless people actually do work.(25) Personally, I suspect that number is a vast underestimate because a) those who are not certain that their work is legal or are sure it isn’t (consider sub-minimum-wage jobs, some that pay only in food, self-employment without the appropriate licenses, unreported bartering, etc.) are likely to report as unemployed, and b) the employed homeless are likely to be better at hiding and thus less likely to be interviewed to begin with.</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="f126">
<br /></div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="76eb">
So, many of the homeless students likely do some sort of work, and even if they don’t, it’s not as if re-prioritizing would be any guarantee of being able to afford a home. If they feel their long-term chances are better with a college degree, they might be right.</div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="76eb">
<br /></div>
<div class="graf graf--p" name="2c55">
Society’s responsibilities? At the very minimum, “society”, for some definition of “society”, is responsible for normalizing violence against the homeless by <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://www.msnbc.com/hardball/criminalization-homelessness-the-rise-us-cities" href="http://www.msnbc.com/hardball/criminalization-homelessness-the-rise-us-cities" target="_blank">criminalizing homelessness</a>.(26) In Brazil and some other countries it’s common <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/10/25/brazil-homeless-killings.html" href="http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/10/25/brazil-homeless-killings.html" target="_blank">to</a> <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="http://www.ibtimes.com/road-rio-police-sweep-away-street-children-ahead-brazil-olympics-2353865" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/road-rio-police-sweep-away-street-children-ahead-brazil-olympics-2353865" target="_blank">just</a> <a class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" data-href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/colombia/gener1.htm" href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/colombia/gener1.htm" target="_blank">kill</a> homeless people.(27)(28)(29) Violence against the homeless at the hands of police and other authorities leads to even more violence as it causes people in domestic violence and other dangerous situations to be less likely to leave (for fear of what the police and others will do to them if they do) and also causes existing homeless people to be far less likely to report violence committed against them because of lack of trust in police (many homeless will not report even rape, for example). And thus, thanks in part to “society”, violence is rampant and normalized. You yourself suggest “medical intervention” which is vague, but immediately calls to mind forced institutionalization and forced drugging. </div>
<div class="graf graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote" name="2199">
<br /></div>
<div class="graf graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote" name="2199">
“Failure” to self identify? More like success at keeping a secret that could well endanger a person if entrusted to the wrong individuals.</div>
<div class="graf graf--p graf--empty" name="af73">
<br /></div>
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<li class="graf graf--li" name="4a0e">Saavedra, Tony, and John Asbury. “Suspect in sex worker killings has violent record.” <em class="markup--em markup--li-em">The Orange County Register</em>, April 15, 2014. <a class="markup--anchor markup--li-anchor" data-href="http://www.ocregister.com/articles/gordon-609806-wife-pummell.html" href="http://www.ocregister.com/articles/gordon-609806-wife-pummell.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.ocregister.com/articles/gordon-609806-wife-pummell.html</a> (accessed February 4, 2017)</li>
<li class="graf graf--li" name="3fd1">Mills, Chellie. “Logan County investigates child handcuffed at home.” NewsChannel 4, July 8, 2013. <a class="markup--anchor markup--li-anchor" data-href="http://kfor.com/2013/07/08/logan-county-investigates-child-handcuffed-at-home/" href="http://kfor.com/2013/07/08/logan-county-investigates-child-handcuffed-at-home/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://kfor.com/2013/07/08/logan-county-investigates-child-handcuffed-at-home/</a> (accessed February 4, 2017).</li>
<li class="graf graf--li" name="5486">Martindale, Mike. “Prosecutor, lawyer agree: Man killed wife with bat.” <em class="markup--em markup--li-em">The Detroit News</em>, February 3, 2017. <a class="markup--anchor markup--li-anchor" data-href="http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/oakland-county/2017/02/03/prosecutor-lawyer-agree-man-killed-wife-bat/97447438/" href="http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/oakland-county/2017/02/03/prosecutor-lawyer-agree-man-killed-wife-bat/97447438/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/oakland-county/2017/02/03/prosecutor-lawyer-agree-man-killed-wife-bat/97447438/</a> (accessed February 4, 2017).</li>
<li class="graf graf--li" name="b5c6">Chinese, Vera, Rocco Parascandola, and Barry Paddock. “Landlord-tenant dispute gets ugly as man is killed after dispute over only $100 in rent.” <a class="markup--anchor markup--li-anchor" data-href="http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/landlord-shoots-tenant-dead-article-1.1284499" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/landlord-shoots-tenant-dead-article-1.1284499" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/landlord-shoots-tenant-dead-article-1.1284499</a> (accessed February 4, 2017).</li>
<li class="graf graf--li" name="f3c5">Burt, Martha et al. “Homelessness: Programs and the People They Serve.” National Survey of Homeless Assistance Providers and Clients, December 1999. <a class="markup--anchor markup--li-anchor" data-href="http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/310291-Homelessness-Programs-and-the-People-They-Serve-Findings-of-the-National-Survey-of-Homeless-Assistance-Providers-and-Clients.PDF" href="http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/310291-Homelessness-Programs-and-the-People-They-Serve-Findings-of-the-National-Survey-of-Homeless-Assistance-Providers-and-Clients.PDF" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/310291-Homelessness-Programs-and-the-People-They-Serve-Findings-of-the-National-Survey-of-Homeless-Assistance-Providers-and-Clients.PDF</a> (accessed February 4, 2017).</li>
<li class="graf graf--li" name="0997">Spurr, Lauren. “Criminalization of homelessness on the rise in U.S. cities.” MSNBC, July 18, 2014. <a class="markup--anchor markup--li-anchor" data-href="http://www.msnbc.com/hardball/criminalization-homelessness-the-rise-us-cities" href="http://www.msnbc.com/hardball/criminalization-homelessness-the-rise-us-cities" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.msnbc.com/hardball/criminalization-homelessness-the-rise-us-cities</a> (accessed February 4, 2017).</li>
<li class="graf graf--li" name="c641">Sandy, Matt. “In Brazilian city, homeless face ‘extermination.’” Al Jazeera, October 25, 2014. <a class="markup--anchor markup--li-anchor" data-href="http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/10/25/brazil-homeless-killings.html" href="http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/10/25/brazil-homeless-killings.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/10/25/brazil-homeless-killings.html</a> (accessed January 7, 2017).</li>
<li class="graf graf--li" name="e8c5">Kaplan, Michael. “Road To Rio: Police Sweep Away ‘Street Children’ Ahead Of Brazil Olympics.” International Business Times, April 18, 2016. <a class="markup--anchor markup--li-anchor" data-href="http://www.ibtimes.com/road-rio-police-sweep-away-street-children-ahead-brazil-olympics-2353865" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/road-rio-police-sweep-away-street-children-ahead-brazil-olympics-2353865" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.ibtimes.com/road-rio-police-sweep-away-street-children-ahead-brazil-olympics-2353865</a> (accessed January 7, 2017).</li>
<li class="graf graf--li" name="362b">Human Rights Watch. “BOGOTÁ.” Human Rights Watch. <a class="markup--anchor markup--li-anchor" data-href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/colombia/gener1.htm" href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/colombia/gener1.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/colombia/gener1.htm</a> (accessed January 7, 2017).</li>
</ol>
Aislinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08357084413835432243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7548459907331767733.post-88407380585923431302017-01-07T16:03:00.001-08:002017-02-04T21:37:59.341-08:00Yes, homelessness can be a positive experience, and more people ought to know about it.The following is a comment I left <a href="https://medium.com/@aisling.abbandonato/ive-been-homeless-too-multiple-times-one-of-those-times-as-an-alternative-to-likely-death-280396d61536#.mrf0iequw">here</a>, in response to <a href="https://medium.com/@leslsdock/this-morning-i-woke-up-to-a-story-about-a-white-college-educated-person-supposedly-becoming-2c0ba2b3756#.p4v484t6n">another comment</a> by one Ms. Lesley Haddock, development coordinator at the Coalition on Homelessness, who was in turn responding to <a href="https://thebolditalic.com/why-i-became-intentionally-homeless-in-san-francisco-7021f72b1e79#.jg09mi346">this lovely article</a> entitled, "Why I Became Intentionally Homeless in San Francisco" by one Ms. Kristin Hanes, which was <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/working-woman-choses-homelessness-in-san-francisco-2016-8">picked up</a> by Ms. Julie Bort over at Business Insider. I am reposting my own reply to Ms. Lesley Haddock here because the topic is rather important to me. One Mr. Mike Zine also took a <a href="https://medium.com/@mikezint/this-is-not-becoming-homeless-it-is-becoming-houseless-f284bd580cd6#.axjxyf1s6">verbal shot</a> at Ms. Hanes, Ms. Hanes apologized <a href="https://medium.com/@kristin.hanes/i-think-i-used-a-term-that-offended-many-something-i-wasnt-trying-to-do-and-i-apologize-for-the-a7ce33c0a5c4#.uw55dahco">here</a>, and I told her she had nothing to apologize for <a href="https://medium.com/@aisling.abbandonato/you-have-nothing-to-apologize-for-2e866ea21003#.uo3c7onic">here</a>.<br />
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<div class="graf graf--p" name="c716">
I’ve been homeless too, multiple times, one of those times as an alternative to likely death (according to my doctor), and if I were the sort of person to get outraged over people misrepresenting homelessness, I would be outraged at you, Lesley Haddock, not at Kristin Hanes. Though actually, I don’t really feel much of anything besides mild annoyance, too many emotional callouses to feel more than that.</div>
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<div class="graf graf--p" name="f1d2">
Being homeless is a very individual experience. There’s no one story that describes all homeless people. The standard way of determining if someone is homeless is to ask “Where did you sleep last night?” and if the answer is anything other than what legally qualifies as housing, that’s homelessness, regardless of the person’s reasons. (Expect a vague answer though — expecting someone to tell you exactly where they sleep is rude because keeping the location secret is a safety concern for many people. In fact, if someone doesn’t want you to know they’re homeless, they’ll most likely dodge the question or lie.) Kristin Hanes doesn’t represent all homeless people, and she’s not claiming too. No one represents all homeless people, least of all people like you. By pretending you are qualified to speak for all homeless people, or even just all homeless people in San Francisco, you demonstrate your incompetence at the task. A wise person is aware of how much he or she doesn’t know. What Kristin Hanes did is tell her own story, and that’s something everyone should be able to do. Sure she has privileges, but so what? White privilege, being systemic, isn’t something we can just give up even if we wanted to, but rather, something to be used to try to help those who are not white in the hopes that in the future, what we now call white privilege will become human privilege, and in her own way Kristin Hanes seems to be trying to do that.</div>
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<div class="graf graf--p" name="59d5">
Yes, some homeless people are spat upon, ticketed, arrested, robbed by police, etc. All those things happen, and worse. In some countries like Brazil and Columbia, it’s commonplace for police to simply shoot homeless people.(1)(2)(3) And all of these people deserve to be able to tell their stories (or have their stories told, in the case of the departed).</div>
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<div class="graf graf--p" name="7435">
But stories like Ms. Hanes’ are important too. The first step for a person to get themselves out of a bad situation, is to believe that a better future is possible. That goes for both people who are currently homeless but in great danger of being harassed by police or others, and for those currently in situations worse than what homelessness might be for them. Intimate partner violence resulted in 2340 deaths, that we know of, in 2007, in the United States alone.(4) And intimate partner violence is only one form of violence or danger a person might be fleeing. People often stay in a bad situation longer than they might if they had cause to hope for better options. More positive stories from successful homeless people like Ms. Hanes are helpful for giving people that hope. Homelessness is neither the best nor the worst of all possible fates.</div>
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<div class="graf graf--p" name="7859">
Ms. Hanes’ strategies are not nearly so uncommon as many seem to think. The number of employed homeless is, from what I have seen, much higher than official estimates, both because many are engaged in employment (including self-employment) of, shall we say, questionable legality if not outright illegality, and also because the employed homeless are often better at remaining hidden from police and others who might bother them, and are thus uncounted in official statistics. People really have no idea how many homeless people maintain gym memberships so they can shower, store clothing and other belongings in self-storage as Ms. Hanes did, and are good at finding hidden places to sleep (sometimes, the same self-storage where their belongings are), and generally appear to most of the world like perfectly ordinary people, so long as you don’t catch them sleeping or press too hard to find out where their “home address” is.</div>
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<div class="graf graf--p" name="d4ab">
Thank you Kristin Hanes for sharing your story.</div>
<ol class="postList">
<li class="graf graf--li" name="c19d">Sandy, Matt. “In Brazilian city, homeless face ‘extermination.’” Al Jazeera, October 25, 2014. <a class="markup--anchor markup--li-anchor" data-href="http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/10/25/brazil-homeless-killings.html" href="http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/10/25/brazil-homeless-killings.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/10/25/brazil-homeless-killings.html</a> (accessed January 7, 2017).</li>
<li class="graf graf--li" name="9cb2">Kaplan, Michael. “Road To Rio: Police Sweep Away ‘Street Children’ Ahead Of Brazil Olympics.” International Business Times, April 18, 2016. <a class="markup--anchor markup--li-anchor" data-href="http://www.ibtimes.com/road-rio-police-sweep-away-street-children-ahead-brazil-olympics-2353865" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/road-rio-police-sweep-away-street-children-ahead-brazil-olympics-2353865" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.ibtimes.com/road-rio-police-sweep-away-street-children-ahead-brazil-olympics-2353865</a> (accessed January 7, 2017).</li>
<li class="graf graf--li" name="0d98">Human Rights Watch. “BOGOTÁ.” Human Rights Watch. <a class="markup--anchor markup--li-anchor" data-href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/colombia/gener1.htm" href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/colombia/gener1.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/colombia/gener1.htm</a> (accessed January 7, 2017).</li>
<li class="graf graf--li" name="e2e4">CDC. “Understanding Intimate Partner Violence.” CDC, 2014. <a class="markup--anchor markup--li-anchor" data-href="https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/ipv-factsheet.pdf" href="https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/ipv-factsheet.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/ipv-factsheet.pdf</a> (accessed January 7, 2017).</li>
</ol>
Aislinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08357084413835432243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7548459907331767733.post-45760735102534363452016-12-17T16:54:00.001-08:002016-12-27T19:38:07.028-08:00Testimonials and pictures of the fall of Aleppo Just collecting information from various places for reference and trying to transcribe things for people who are better at reading than listening. (And preserving it I suppose in case twitter decides to start taking things down.) Note well: Some people have been accusing twitter activists of being a <a href="https://twitter.com/IntheNow_tweet/status/809151759625125888">propagandists</a> and others <a href="http://heavy.com/news/2016/12/aleppo-genocide-in-of-lina-shamy-video-bombing-news-twitter-execution-explained-asaad-isis-russia-children-photos-dead-kanye-west-trump/">seem to think</a> many of <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-aleppo-warcrimes-idUSKBN14324I">their facts</a> match up. (Questions: are the two mutually exclusive? How much does it even matter? Shouldn't all witnesses be heard?) Managed to find some brief interviews conducted by Russian journalists as well. These quotes are presented for the reader's own judgement.<br />
<br />
Work in progress.<br />
<ul>
<li>"To everyone who can hear me, we are here exposed to a genocide in the besieged city of Aleppo. This may be my last video. More than 50,000s of civilians who rebelled against the dictator Al-Assad are threatened with field executions or dying under bombing. According to activists, more than 180 people have been field executed in the area that the regime have [recently?] to control by other gangs and the militias that support them. The civilians are stuck in a very small area that doesn't exceed two square kilometers. With no safezone, no life. Every bomb is a new massacre. Save Aleppo. Save humanity." -- <a href="https://twitter.com/Linashamy/status/808422105809387520">Lina Shamy</a> on December 12. On <a href="https://twitter.com/Linashamy/status/809017447667920896">December 14</a>, "Criminal Assad regime and the Iranians have broken the ceasefire and they were back to attack the civilians and continue the genocide. Civilians are stuck again in the city. Uh, no one could have leaved the city under this agreement. How can you trust Russia after they have promised that this agreement will [inaudible] and that no one will attack the civilians. How can you trust Russia? The revolutionaries will, uh, fight, 'til the last breath, uh, protecting the civilians here in the city and, uh, they will continue fighting as long as regime and Iranian will keep attacking us." <a href="https://twitter.com/Linashamy/status/809094194136580096">Earlier</a> December 14, "On behalf on myself and those who are still besieged in Aleppo city, I want to thank those who are still protesting in front of the Russian embassies and consulates all over the world. Understand that your stand with us gives us strength and renew our belief in our collective humanity. Please do not stop. Do not stop to post, to tweet, to speak, to shout. Now, after Iranian militias have revoked the cease fire we need you more. You already did a great job by moving the negotiations into a positive level. We need you now to the streets now, do not surrender, do not stop until the last person is evacuated to safety from the city. God's bless you all." On <a href="https://twitter.com/Linashamy/status/810931865569923072">December 19</a>, "These are our last moments in this tired city, in this exhausted city. We are leaving with a huge grief because we have lived in this city our best moments owning our freedom and dignity. We may not come back unless we liberate this land again. This is not the end of the journey. We will keep calling for the rights of the Syrians to live in freedom, dignity, and justice. And victory to the great Syrian revolution."</li>
<li>"They're all dead. We were just walking, and the terrorists started to
shoot at us. We started running until we got to a checkpoint, and they
caught us there. They beat my parents and told me to go. [Did you see
them kill your parents?] Yes. I was walking away, there were a lot of
bodies, and then the snipers started to shoot at me. I ran behind a wall
and got to a place where there were no snipers. Then I met a man who
took me to Aleppo." -- <a href="https://www.rt.com/news/370089-syria-aleppo-children-orphaned/">a boy from Aleppo</a>, translation from RT subtitles </li>
<li>"Sorry for [inaudible] it's cut off. What I want to say is don't believe any more in United Nation. Don't believe anymore in the international community. Don't think that they are not [satisfied?] with what's going on. They are [satisfied?] that you are being killed. That we are facing one of the most difficult or the most serious or the most horrible massacre that is in that, in your history. [Rashad?] doesn't want us to go out alive. They want us dead. Assad is the same exactly as today there were many celebration on the other part of Aleppo. They were celebrating on our bodies. It's okay, this is live. But at least we know that we were a free people. We wanted a freedom. We didn't want anything else but freedom. You know, this world doesn't like freedom, it seems. Don't believe that you are a free people in your countries anymore. No, this world doesn't want freedom, doesn't like freedom. Maybe, maybe if you want freedom all this means that you think. [I hope?] something can be done. And you can't leave it, you can't speak. Together, once more. If you say that, if you can do something, yes, no one can do nothing, you can't do anything, you can't go out the streets. You can't, you can't call to stop this madness. This is at least what you can do. If your governments don't, uh, respond to your requests, you know, what you want, I hope in the future you are going to be the government. And you are not going to have any connection with Russia and with Assad. I hope you can remember us. Uh, I don't know, thank you very much." -- <a href="https://www.periscope.tv/w/1YpKkqXYjbNJj">Mr. Alhamdo</a> <a href="https://www.periscope.tv/w/1jMKgAROkljJL">From December 7</a>, "About, uh, the amount of bombings that we receive every day from planes, artillery shillings, Assad allies forces, Assad allies militias. Of course, uh, Assad militias and uh are, uh, do nothing but burning all the land before they make the [progress?]. So, uh, all kinds, uh, habit, this was always going. Uh, what happens here, the rebels who are, uh, not only the rebels I mean [zem?]. Uh, I was living in a house which has got five families, now it has about twenty-five families. Every now and then, just, they knock my [video cuts off]." On <a href="https://www.periscope.tv/w/1nAJEMXeWoYJL">December 16</a>, "Sorry for, uh, because the internet was off. So, what I, what I wanted to say that many people, uh, missed their children and uh, so I saw many many families asking me about if their children are there, if they, I saw their, their son, their daughter. It was like the [doomsday?] when you just rush, don't know who is beside you. Your brother, your mother. You don't know him. Okay, I will tell you exactly what happened with, with my wife. I wasn't exa- at that point, at that moment because I just was looking for something to, to feed my daughter. But unfortunately, when I was there away of my uh wife and my family and I saw many people are, are running. So I, uh, directly ran towards my wife, but I couldn't find, but I couldn't find her, and couldn't find my daughter after, uh, about half an hour I could find them. Fortunately they were okay. Uh, my wife told me that, uh for that, they ran for many meters and forgetting my daughter. She was putting her with my bags, and she uh. When she saw those people running and crying and uh the fires were so close so she ran. She doesn't know. She forgets everything. She said, 'what should I do I forgot myself'. So, uh, then her mother, I mean, my mother-in-law told her, 'where is your daughter?' She said, 'Oh my god I forgot her.' Then she get back and find her crying. She get, take her and she ran. This is exactly what happened to [many?] people. It's a kind of a human relation. I guess, I confess. Russia and Assad succeeded in humiliating us. They succeeded in humiliating the international community because they don't care for anything. Uh, the only thing that they care is humiliating us killing us [transcription in progress]" On <a href="https://twitter.com/Mr_Alhamdo/status/810134739403341824">December 17</a>, "[video of small child laughing] My daughter, my daughter today, uh, after we came back from the corridor and we couldn't go out, they stopped the corridor, uh, I'm glad that she's, uh, she's laughing."</li>
<li>"They're all dead. They were killed by terrorist shelling." -- <a href="https://www.rt.com/news/370084-aleppo-liberation-reports-celebrations/">Aleppo orphan</a>, translation from RT subtitles </li>
<li>"A missile just fell, uh, on the roof, uh, of my building. [And now?] other people who were waiting, waiting uh the bus have uh [inaudible] for their [inaudible] and find, uh, [inaudible]." -- <a href="https://twitter.com/MostafaMe4/status/808970250226110465">Mostafa Mohammediyan</a>, December 14</li>
<li>"My dad died five days ago. [What happened to your dad?] He was killed by a mortar shell." -- <a href="https://www.rt.com/news/370089-syria-aleppo-children-orphaned/">a girl from Aleppo</a>, translation from RT subtitles </li>
<li>"Salem [something in Arabic?]. I am Abul Kareem and we are in the [Ramussa?] section of, uh, what is left of eastern Aleppo. Now, you'll notice these cars that are right here. There are a sea of cars with fighters and their families and they are and have been waiting for some time to get out. Just about fifty to seventy-five meters that way are a row of buses, and they're all filled with people and they are ready to go but the problem is, is that they have been sitting there since yesterday. So there's not a lot of movement that's happening here in eastern Aleppo. The cars are here, fighters, and their families, everybody's waiting to go. As you can see, it's snowing and the intense cold has been sapping the strength of all of the people who are impatiently waiting here." -- <a href="https://twitter.com/BilalKareem/status/811562225479643136">Bilal Abul Kareem</a>, December 21. "Salem [something in Arabic?]. I am Bilal Abdul Kareem and the fighters are now preparing to leave the city of of Aleppo. Now, if you can get a little bit closer here and you will see what this is. This is an explosive belt. And, as you can see, this is what he's wearing. This is what a lot of the fighters are wearing. Why? Because don't feel that they can trust the regime to maintain its word that they will have the safe passage to leave. And if they are stopped, they are prepared for a fight." -- on <a href="https://twitter.com/BilalKareem/status/811216051656658944">December 20</a>. "Okay listen everybody, I wanna show you how cold it was last night. Now look at this. Now I'm going down here. Now this is somebody's bag that was here all night, you see? That's frost. Frost was on it all night long. That shows you how cold it is here with people staying, just trying to stay warm, just trying to get next to a fire. Look, you can see this frost on it. And that's even with the sun up and the sun beaming down on it. So when you're at home and you're thinking about what it is here in Aleppo, these are the images that should burn in your mind." -- on <a href="https://twitter.com/BilalKareem/status/810782071199322112">December 19</a>. "Salem [something in Arabic?]. I am Bilal Abdul Kareem for On the Ground
news. We are still in besieged Aleppo. Temperatures are freezing today
hovering around the zero degree mark and are set to go way below zero in
the coming hours and overnight. There's limited food, almost no
available drinking water, and people are trying to go across, but
apparently there's been, uh, a development in the uh buses that were on
their way to evacuate, um, those Shia residents from [Kafriyya?] as a
part of the deal that involved [Medany?] [Zebodaya?] [Kafriyyar?] and
Aleppo. The buses were attacked and there were, uh, and the buses were
burned by unknown assailants. OGN's correspondent was there and filmed
it as we put on twitter and he uh actually um witnessed some of the
burning. Now, there's supposed to be a discussion that's supposed to be
held about whether the United Nations uh would play a role, an
observatory role in the situation of, uh, of the people coming out of
the different territories. I would say unequivocally, yes, it must be an
outside force observing because there have been, uh, deaths, robberies,
assaults and everything else that has been going on. So the
international community has gotta get involved here. Stop having a
hands-off approach. Get involved. Understand that there are hundreds of
thousands of lives that hang in the balance. So, everybody needs to have
a cool had and needs to realize that there has to be observers
observing exactly what goes on during these exchanges. Salem [something
in Arabic?]." -- on <a href="https://twitter.com/BilalKareem/status/810486135755522048">December 18</a>. "Salem [something in Arabic?]. I am Bilal Abdul Kareem for On the Ground news. Look around me. Look at what we have here. I want everybody to take a look. This is what's left of the hospital. Look. Can y'all see that? Blood all over the floor. Injured people all over the place. You understand? This is the situation that's here. Now, everybody has to understand that you've gotta play a role here, whether it's retweet, share, uh, call up people to get the Russians and the Iranians to fulfill their obligations. Everybody's got to become involved. Get educated. Stay engaged. Be involved in solving the problems that are here. This is ridiculous. I-I've never seen anything like this. Just people, just on the floor, uh, with blood all over the walls and they've been here for days." -- on <a href="https://twitter.com/BilalKareem/status/810075435837038596">December 17</a>. "Salem [something in Arabic?]. I am Bilal Abdul Kareem for On the Ground news and I want everybody to understand something. Today was supposed to be the day that was supposed to see the fighters and their families and the rest of the civilians to leave eastern Aleppo. Russia today, Russian government is reporting that they've all left and it's all over. Well, I'm still here. And there are thousands upon thousands of people who are still here. Myself today, I saw approximately fifty thousand people. They were so many, they looked like ants, and they were turned back and told that they cannot leave today. Some were told, meaning from the civilians that some buses were going to come. To my knowledge, up until now, they have not come. So I am making it clear to everyone, retweet, uh-uh repost, uh, forward, share on Facebook that there are thousands of people that are here. I am afraid if the Russians are successful in convincing the world that everybody has left, you can guess what's going to happen to the rest of us. [something in Arabic?] We have no one rely on except Allah, and then after him, you. Salem [something in Arabic?" -- <a href="https://twitter.com/BilalKareem/status/809817879440982016">on December 16</a>. "Salem [something in Arabic?] I am Bilal Abdul Kareem and everyone knows I am from On the Ground news and I am in the besieged areas in, here in eastern Aleppo. Uh, I, it is very important that everybody, everybody, everybody knows and understands the situation here on the ground. Um, uh, RT, Russia Today dot com is is reporting that the evacuation is over and the people have left eastern Aleppo. This is not true at all. There are thousands upon thousands of men, women, and children that are here. The fighters were not allowed to leave. I repeat, they were not allowed to leave today and nor were their families. There are four which are dead. There are twenty which I have just been informed have been taken prisoner by the Lebanese group known as Hezbollah and the situation is very difficult. I need everybody to retweet this message and to make as much noise as you can because if the world thinks that everyone who wanted to leave as Russia Today wants them to believe then that would mean they could exterminate all of these people and there will be no account for it." -- on <a href="https://twitter.com/BilalKareem/status/809786610384519169">December 16</a>.</li>
<li>"There was no food and no water. The children couldn't go to school. If a child was sick, we were in despair and there was nowhere to buy any medicine." -- <a href="https://www.rt.com/news/370089-syria-aleppo-children-orphaned/">a woman from Aleppo</a>, voiceover translation by RT </li>
<li>"I will not appeal to the UN. The UN buries its head in the sand like an
ostrich. I will not appeal to Arabs. The most they do is express their
sadness and concern for Aleppo." -- <a href="https://twitter.com/HalabTodayTV/status/808570786055393280">Halab Today</a>, incomplete translation from <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-38309852">BBC captions</a>.
Note: Halab Today has a lot of footage. Hardly anything is in English,
but you can still watch what's happening even if you can't understand
what is being said. </li>
<li>"It was a nightmare. The terrorists beat us regularly." -- <a href="https://www.rt.com/news/370089-syria-aleppo-children-orphaned/">a man from Aleppo</a>, voiceover translation by RT </li>
<li> "This is the last video I post. We are tired of talking. We are tired of speeches. This message comes from a broken heart. I will stop talking. Here comes the barrel bomb. This will end my video." -- <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YnwDjEoZaq4">Joud al-Khatib</a>, incomplete translation from <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-38309852">BBC captions</a></li>
<li>"We were just happy and living well, and then the war started. [And your family?] They're all dead, they were killed by terrorist shelling." -- <a href="https://www.rt.com/news/370089-syria-aleppo-children-orphaned/">a boy from Aleppo</a>, translation from RT subtitles</li>
<li>"This is the ongoing situation we are living through in Aleppo. This is part of the death we are living." -- <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-38309852">Omar Arab</a>, translation from BBC captions</li>
<li>"They starved us. We suffered a lot. I cried day and night." -- <a href="https://www.rt.com/news/370089-syria-aleppo-children-orphaned/">a woman from Aleppo</a>, voiceover translation by RT </li>
<li>"We don't want Assad's Syria. We want a free Syria. No one stood with us. No one helped us." -- <a href="https://twitter.com/ajplus/status/810041345976864769">Salah Ashkar</a>, translation from AJ+ captions </li>
</ul>
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Some pictures</span><br />
<br />
Decided to go though <a href="https://twitter.com/halabtodaytv?lang=en">Halab Today's twitter</a> and select some photos / screenshot some videos that I think folks should look at even if we don't know Arabic. Note that they sometimes show pictures from solidarity protests held elsewhere in the world, even though Halab Today does appear to be a local Aleppo news source. May add pictures from other sources later.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzzpdEK1WJMHciNYQCJpnKxwJ_iUPqWOSs8qWVSbEaPosp8PpoxDTsnzxvElQbAfHdfZO1vciVhvJ3ondULRPl7732azoSipToWvnkKTFR0uZmu-PDLIkgTIwLB5iQPOItQ593mf8rrS30/s1600/halab-today-december10.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Google translation of tweet: "# View | Besides the intense bombardment of various types of weapons on the old neighborhoods of Aleppo, besieged # # yesterday Halb_tbad #StandwithAleppo"" border="0" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzzpdEK1WJMHciNYQCJpnKxwJ_iUPqWOSs8qWVSbEaPosp8PpoxDTsnzxvElQbAfHdfZO1vciVhvJ3ondULRPl7732azoSipToWvnkKTFR0uZmu-PDLIkgTIwLB5iQPOItQ593mf8rrS30/s320/halab-today-december10.PNG" title="Google translation of tweet: "# View | Besides the intense bombardment of various types of weapons on the old neighborhoods of Aleppo, besieged # # yesterday Halb_tbad #StandwithAleppo"" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://twitter.com/HalabTodayTV/status/807531235509760000"> December 10</a>, Halab Today TV</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPeTbJu0pCWOzxOh6iRFCF95yn_qMs3UezlJAFqmDaxTZb_bdZ6ndQzsSUcQOnsjaJzhguwaDXw0TxvTL0aMQFHlGc0V-bY-l9b7aDh_Q6zdTEo_Lm_ajWeF-NEzxfvKewcv-UDy-LC9J6/s1600/halab-today-december12.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Google translation of tweet: "The effects of aerial and artillery bombardment of the palace orchard neighborhood in the besieged city of Aleppo # Halb_tbad #StandwithAleppo lens: Abdel Qader Abu Saleh"" border="0" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPeTbJu0pCWOzxOh6iRFCF95yn_qMs3UezlJAFqmDaxTZb_bdZ6ndQzsSUcQOnsjaJzhguwaDXw0TxvTL0aMQFHlGc0V-bY-l9b7aDh_Q6zdTEo_Lm_ajWeF-NEzxfvKewcv-UDy-LC9J6/s200/halab-today-december12.PNG" title="Google translation of tweet: "The effects of aerial and artillery bombardment of the palace orchard neighborhood in the besieged city of Aleppo # Halb_tbad #StandwithAleppo lens: Abdel Qader Abu Saleh"" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://twitter.com/HalabTodayTV/status/808319527893237760">December 12</a>, Halab Today TV</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuVocuPSHyeb6WsyJYXwm5edMTRSdISrywmOHN9PvRavInBJGkuOELvfI-eSGDSElV1cj8O6vdv4WESpB6K0KmsfFNoZpGhvxm4IcmIL8whfBwmWGR8BAYcXbIE7amulmnaUquTP696iiL/s1600/halab-today-december12c.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Google translation of tweet: "Activists: Martyrs and stuck under the rubble by the bombing of the Turkish aircraft over the city in the countryside of the door # # eastern Aleppo"" border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuVocuPSHyeb6WsyJYXwm5edMTRSdISrywmOHN9PvRavInBJGkuOELvfI-eSGDSElV1cj8O6vdv4WESpB6K0KmsfFNoZpGhvxm4IcmIL8whfBwmWGR8BAYcXbIE7amulmnaUquTP696iiL/s200/halab-today-december12c.PNG" title="Google translation of tweet: "Activists: Martyrs and stuck under the rubble by the bombing of the Turkish aircraft over the city in the countryside of the door # # eastern Aleppo"" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://twitter.com/HalabTodayTV/status/808235239277527040">December 12</a>, Halab Today TV</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgWvZS7IWReKVaenRiRTP9Yot9t7vyU8JCzSgVSW2-ige_l6ClrCtLbytpA6IPvOIuc2VhcHyZ4TSMqOZEDvhUFue6FT5cNHtjog1uoIRIC14JymFIPU6PQVT_VXZJKZyZ7nxGxehhUlnv/s1600/halab-today-december12b.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Google translation of tweet: "The effects of aerial and artillery bombardment of the palace orchard neighborhood in the besieged city of Aleppo # Halb_tbad #StandwithAleppo lens: Abdel Qader Abu Saleh"" border="0" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgWvZS7IWReKVaenRiRTP9Yot9t7vyU8JCzSgVSW2-ige_l6ClrCtLbytpA6IPvOIuc2VhcHyZ4TSMqOZEDvhUFue6FT5cNHtjog1uoIRIC14JymFIPU6PQVT_VXZJKZyZ7nxGxehhUlnv/s320/halab-today-december12b.PNG" title="Google translation of tweet: "The effects of aerial and artillery bombardment of the palace orchard neighborhood in the besieged city of Aleppo # Halb_tbad #StandwithAleppo lens: Abdel Qader Abu Saleh"" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">D<a href="https://twitter.com/HalabTodayTV/status/808319527893237760">ecember 12</a>, Halab Today TV</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBiNEm8eNjVp5IkYEvWJh-pmZkgVANMtF_62KRtA9Mdbi5_lgANmHV-_F_Wmf_2GmfBU8kWOxXaX2wQNjl6rFGWlz3bWwI4LfedFEwv-IF8vG4kmD_liS0r3MwOA_iZ4brE3AmeIx8557J/s1600/halab-today-december13b.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Google translation of tweet: "# Aldvaa_madna: the violent and incessant shelling stop us from saving the wounded hear their cries under the rubble of buildings destroyed and the bodies of the martyrs will fill the streets of the besieged Aleppo #"" border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBiNEm8eNjVp5IkYEvWJh-pmZkgVANMtF_62KRtA9Mdbi5_lgANmHV-_F_Wmf_2GmfBU8kWOxXaX2wQNjl6rFGWlz3bWwI4LfedFEwv-IF8vG4kmD_liS0r3MwOA_iZ4brE3AmeIx8557J/s320/halab-today-december13b.PNG" title="Google translation of tweet: "# Aldvaa_madna: the violent and incessant shelling stop us from saving the wounded hear their cries under the rubble of buildings destroyed and the bodies of the martyrs will fill the streets of the besieged Aleppo #"" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://twitter.com/HalabTodayTV/status/808645313674313728">December 13</a>, Halab Today TV</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKTfGRJvX3vDJCN7DD-qMcxaDZ8cvecwX6-VFQ86rEo-T5P-9JR0-WTeDPX0L_t5LrBObNjXN93XPFKimi2OcakymQzHEGvBWgf64h1WYS5zZ_zM-7FxCFC4xpk-2O5YuSBdkqA5NrE33x/s1600/halab-today-december13.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Google translation of tweet: "Save Aleppo and rescued from the rest of the people of the besieged Aleppo # # Halb_tbad #Halepimhaoluyor #AleppoExterminated"" border="0" height="132" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKTfGRJvX3vDJCN7DD-qMcxaDZ8cvecwX6-VFQ86rEo-T5P-9JR0-WTeDPX0L_t5LrBObNjXN93XPFKimi2OcakymQzHEGvBWgf64h1WYS5zZ_zM-7FxCFC4xpk-2O5YuSBdkqA5NrE33x/s200/halab-today-december13.PNG" title="Google translation of tweet: "Save Aleppo and rescued from the rest of the people of the besieged Aleppo # # Halb_tbad #Halepimhaoluyor #AleppoExterminated"" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://twitter.com/HalabTodayTV/status/808685540254109696">December 13</a>, Halab Today TV</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDOP5JZgLuA-KQQ3_Auyi40HAdFki-g6f_2l57VgT87K_87krirFILmDixYOyzzn4cylbBH0UBnhGmf6e6SMIKM0_BwKEVwHvgIgv0biK8w8Jg1RHHoeYQ0poaXPj8jdcWbOJOjVEu5R6c/s1600/halab-today-december16d.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Google translation of tweet: "# View | How sectarian militias attacked the convoys evacuating displaced from # Aleppo yesterday # Halb_tbad #StandwithAleppo"" border="0" height="177" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDOP5JZgLuA-KQQ3_Auyi40HAdFki-g6f_2l57VgT87K_87krirFILmDixYOyzzn4cylbBH0UBnhGmf6e6SMIKM0_BwKEVwHvgIgv0biK8w8Jg1RHHoeYQ0poaXPj8jdcWbOJOjVEu5R6c/s320/halab-today-december16d.PNG" title="Google translation of tweet: "# View | How sectarian militias attacked the convoys evacuating displaced from # Aleppo yesterday # Halb_tbad #StandwithAleppo"" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://twitter.com/HalabTodayTV/status/810024834033926144">December 16</a>, Halab Today TV</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjntG-gAvzta0fDT7SDUB8VS812zgakm4MDALjC2AM8f-W-2G3ubc4UwcIoas72bAc58_V0PPW4phnvdOHAt3dA-IbzH_PuQ6TpelzaDCJLsx_qh8legXEkHN4hmbL-iee3OePq4P04RL9P/s1600/halab-today-december17.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Google translation of tweet: "Open road convoys to # meets Aleppo near the Turkish border - Syrian # Halb_tbad #StandwithAleppo"" border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjntG-gAvzta0fDT7SDUB8VS812zgakm4MDALjC2AM8f-W-2G3ubc4UwcIoas72bAc58_V0PPW4phnvdOHAt3dA-IbzH_PuQ6TpelzaDCJLsx_qh8legXEkHN4hmbL-iee3OePq4P04RL9P/s320/halab-today-december17.PNG" title="Google translation of tweet: "Open road convoys to # meets Aleppo near the Turkish border - Syrian # Halb_tbad #StandwithAleppo"" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://twitter.com/HalabTodayTV/status/810158107103989760">December 17</a>, Halab Today TV</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihLSKWvo5Tz1wfneN9azogN6HxnDfsQyw771A7jsp54rIcJGtYJqa3B92QbW0VkGzVJkfsMk-brp_Pe618qyIZxIzeCpuz1iIX9-Rj04LPTEiBktngaymFdKJSZQ9cfyi4BM37qD8fiK6G/s1600/halab-today-december16.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Google translation of tweet: "Exit demonstration in front of the Russian embassy in the Malaysian capital Kuala Lumpur # condemn the violations of the Assad regime and Russia against civilians in Aleppo and # # # Syria Malaysia"" border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihLSKWvo5Tz1wfneN9azogN6HxnDfsQyw771A7jsp54rIcJGtYJqa3B92QbW0VkGzVJkfsMk-brp_Pe618qyIZxIzeCpuz1iIX9-Rj04LPTEiBktngaymFdKJSZQ9cfyi4BM37qD8fiK6G/s200/halab-today-december16.PNG" title="Google translation of tweet: "Exit demonstration in front of the Russian embassy in the Malaysian capital Kuala Lumpur # condemn the violations of the Assad regime and Russia against civilians in Aleppo and # # # Syria Malaysia"" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://twitter.com/HalabTodayTV/status/809716351497539584">December 16</a>, Halab Today TV</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha-K7_P8faO4E3xtpQwdQDwhUeW5NnmN9Zyt5pRo7p-eF-WF1rFmTmk8NJNKDFN_JDzjJR_9mGfK0izWk0R5oei9pKCcyaiVjtjE8a1_wzpAj4Dfcdcshyphenhyphenx_2rvsrxn39KxMgt_du15dyJ/s1600/halab-today-december16c.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Google translation of tweet: "Exit demonstration in Jobar neighborhood of Damascus in solidarity with the people of the city of Aleppo # # Halb_tbad #StandwithAleppo"" border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha-K7_P8faO4E3xtpQwdQDwhUeW5NnmN9Zyt5pRo7p-eF-WF1rFmTmk8NJNKDFN_JDzjJR_9mGfK0izWk0R5oei9pKCcyaiVjtjE8a1_wzpAj4Dfcdcshyphenhyphenx_2rvsrxn39KxMgt_du15dyJ/s320/halab-today-december16c.PNG" title="Google translation of tweet: "Exit demonstration in Jobar neighborhood of Damascus in solidarity with the people of the city of Aleppo # # Halb_tbad #StandwithAleppo"" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://twitter.com/HalabTodayTV/status/809782173997862913">December 16</a>, Halab Today TV</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibo8CgdgyEF32dCegrW2ZsUgxAtvuwlebSelKTNi5mmRNbDE7MASROLtjew5nqH9UjEMC7kBIJuEKisWMeqsJEjmNCGTHsEGqPYIxIuSl22ts7F1xE9SiMDuO5S5Gkn0ZWiC_l_QM6RNmT/s1600/halab-today-december15.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Google translation of tweet: "Scenes from the arrival of our people and of the families of wounded civilians from the besieged city of Aleppo # to the western rural Aleppo # Halb_tbad #StandwithAleppo"" border="0" height="110" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibo8CgdgyEF32dCegrW2ZsUgxAtvuwlebSelKTNi5mmRNbDE7MASROLtjew5nqH9UjEMC7kBIJuEKisWMeqsJEjmNCGTHsEGqPYIxIuSl22ts7F1xE9SiMDuO5S5Gkn0ZWiC_l_QM6RNmT/s200/halab-today-december15.PNG" title="Google translation of tweet: "Scenes from the arrival of our people and of the families of wounded civilians from the besieged city of Aleppo # to the western rural Aleppo # Halb_tbad #StandwithAleppo"" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://twitter.com/HalabTodayTV/status/809467853715816454">December 15</a>, Halab Today TV</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjipEFP4UWXwF-6Xsfxr3lIMp5_DsVAypZy3eEuWQy3inM6Zd1fyW4IlMk-2EUoWQWmkq5yepFFWLRHhj0Kk_Enu6GIzU8WOnqPPnTeTwsKuOi2NSkreJ35jQc1HdEORqNYUUu7p3tbiQ5M/s1600/halab-today-december17b.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Google translation of tweet: "A protest in the city of Dana Brive # # # Idlib in solidarity with Aleppo"" border="0" height="145" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjipEFP4UWXwF-6Xsfxr3lIMp5_DsVAypZy3eEuWQy3inM6Zd1fyW4IlMk-2EUoWQWmkq5yepFFWLRHhj0Kk_Enu6GIzU8WOnqPPnTeTwsKuOi2NSkreJ35jQc1HdEORqNYUUu7p3tbiQ5M/s200/halab-today-december17b.PNG" title="Google translation of tweet: "A protest in the city of Dana Brive # # # Idlib in solidarity with Aleppo"" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://twitter.com/HalabTodayTV/status/810065749960261632">December 17</a>, Halab Today TV</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2ciBKXojI59Iw2GmwlfOZ-ITVscUi2MUX47psTdOQyvve4MBH2mNT9IscoBKkVOGwFJ3aP0bBn0-noL_IHFC0dk0nVNPaKDpG2j4UBNfDniJJhnCfCsashAvXGkGMb9v28ZaCQTU6eUYB/s1600/halab-today-december17c.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Google translation of tweet: "Iranian and Lebanese militias carried yesterday executed four people and an affront to the rest of the displaced # Aleppo before they release the convoys and return to the besieged neighborhoods"" border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2ciBKXojI59Iw2GmwlfOZ-ITVscUi2MUX47psTdOQyvve4MBH2mNT9IscoBKkVOGwFJ3aP0bBn0-noL_IHFC0dk0nVNPaKDpG2j4UBNfDniJJhnCfCsashAvXGkGMb9v28ZaCQTU6eUYB/s200/halab-today-december17c.PNG" title="Google translation of tweet: "Iranian and Lebanese militias carried yesterday executed four people and an affront to the rest of the displaced # Aleppo before they release the convoys and return to the besieged neighborhoods"" width="196" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://twitter.com/HalabTodayTV/status/810049093200384000">December 17</a>, Halab Today TV</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYja2NZSweGWC2T4t01m48kevCJK4BfVQKGCirh9zbJihBK8_WiIqq5jJ6V__ojzcmiRNuctAfhz1Lh9-vey4ovo84xlleatKVTf2xXD7QmwVO_LtKYJeEKHziwRiNPBpBKmkMZ5dqSEpT/s1600/halab-today-december16b.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Google translation of tweet: "Pause for Aleppo, trapped in front of the UN OCHA office in the Turkish city of Gaziantep # Halb_tbad #StandwithAleppo"" border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYja2NZSweGWC2T4t01m48kevCJK4BfVQKGCirh9zbJihBK8_WiIqq5jJ6V__ojzcmiRNuctAfhz1Lh9-vey4ovo84xlleatKVTf2xXD7QmwVO_LtKYJeEKHziwRiNPBpBKmkMZ5dqSEpT/s320/halab-today-december16b.PNG" title="Google translation of tweet: "Pause for Aleppo, trapped in front of the UN OCHA office in the Turkish city of Gaziantep # Halb_tbad #StandwithAleppo"" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://twitter.com/HalabTodayTV/status/809811465343528960">December 16</a>, Halab Today TV </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul>
</ul>
Aislinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08357084413835432243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7548459907331767733.post-65979842203790375402016-12-17T09:42:00.003-08:002017-01-21T08:59:50.537-08:00The Dakota Access Pipeline is the latest chapter in over a century of war against the Sioux Nation<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="clear: left; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjujVhjyV7EaM9CU4ePbb5szDUDdXX4x0QDlnCiBo34TuuXwuz8zlgKBYAhki5EAogrPEqWYx23RAZ9jwSfvvrY09MIy5cdw6zDqBqKoHUjYDlqOuQ8VFk6j4YMKofTO_OIDwZvEli5Y1rk/s1600/1851treatyoffortlaramie.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjujVhjyV7EaM9CU4ePbb5szDUDdXX4x0QDlnCiBo34TuuXwuz8zlgKBYAhki5EAogrPEqWYx23RAZ9jwSfvvrY09MIy5cdw6zDqBqKoHUjYDlqOuQ8VFk6j4YMKofTO_OIDwZvEli5Y1rk/s200/1851treatyoffortlaramie.PNG" width="180" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.nps.gov/wica/learn/historyculture/upload/-7e-5-Chapter-Five-Treaties-and-Broken-Promises-Pp-84-132.pdf">1851
Treaty of Fort Laramie borders</a></u></span></span></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The
Lakota, Dakota, Nakota (Sioux tribes) and other indigenous peoples
inhabiting the plains before settlers began expanding into their
territory were not exactly pacifists, but it seems they preferred
non-lethal warfare such as “<span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://www.ndstudies.org/resources/IndianStudies/standingrock/migration.html">counting
coup</a></u></span></span>”. Traditions of warfare were
institutionalized by rules, much like sport. The discovery of gold in
California in 1849, and subsequent encounters with the US Army, began
changing this. The first Treaty of Fort Laramie was signed in 1851,
including a number of indigenous groups including the Sioux Nation.
The picture on the right, particularly the portion shaded in red,
shows what the boundaries of the Sioux Nation would look like had
that treaty been respected by the U.S. government and by settlers. It
should be noted that there was considerable cultural misunderstanding and that not all of the tribes actually signed it. <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://ndstudies.gov/gr8/content/unit-iii-waves-development-1861-1920/lesson-4-alliances-and-conflicts/topic-2-sitting-bulls-people/section-3-treaties-fort-laramie-1851-1868">Another
treaty</a></u></span></span> was attempted in 1868. Again, not all
tribes signed it, a notable non-signer including Sitting Bull's
tribe.
</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: left;">
The
details of all that happened in our history are beyond the scope of
this article, but to go over a few highlights: the beginning of the
transcontinental railroad. Red Cloud's War. Wholesale killing of
buffalo, an important source of food, clothing, and shelter for the
Sioux, after the completion of the transcontinental railroad. The Indian
Appropriation Act in 1871. Western Indians forbidden by military orders
from leaving reservations. The discovery of gold in the Black Hills in
1874. US Government offers to buy land but Sioux
refuse to sell. In 1875 war breaks out over the treaty violations.
The Dawes Act in 1887, forcing western conceptions of land ownership
on the Indians and stealing a lot of the land for settlers in the
process. The Wounded Knee massacre, an indiscriminate slaughter of
men, women, and children, in which 20 Congressional Medals of Honor
for Valor were given to the 7<sup>th</sup> Calvary. In 1990, the
Supreme Court rules that the Second Treaty of Fort Laramie was indeed
violated, but rather than returning the land, offers a one-time cash
payment, which the Sioux refuse to accept. Conditions on the Pine
Ridge reservation today are worse than many third world nations. If
you would like a more detailed history, you may watch <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.ted.com/talks/aaron_huey/transcript?language=en">Aaron
Huey's lecture</a></u></span></span>, the documentary <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VfvAqCHpXgA">Red
Cry</a></u></span></span>, the <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://www.republicoflakotah.com/genocide/">Republic
of Lakotah</a></u></span></span> website, and for a brief more
worldwide perspective the <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2011/06/23/why-dont-you-people-just-get-over-it-heres-why-39614">short
clip here</a></u></span></span>.
</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
What
has been happening recently with regards to the Dakota Access
Pipeline is a shameful continuation of long war, though perhaps part
of why it is now receiving more attention is that non-indigenous
people are beginning to be treated the way indigenous people have
been treated for centuries. These things may seem unrelated, but if
you'll bear with me, I'll attempt to demonstrate that they all tie
together. Additionally, we have video cameras and the internet now so
that news of what is happening can be more easily shared, even if
it's not the story the U.S. government wants us to see.</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
For
example, Cindy Coppola, an Iowa farmer, was <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.rt.com/shows/redacted-tonight-summary/365315-iowa-arrested-dakota-pipelina/">interviewed</a></u></span></span>
by Lee Camp of Redacted Tonight after being arrested on her own farm
for protesting and blocking the construction equipment that was
tearing apart her farm. Welcome to the regime of the USSA, I mean
USA, where it is apparently not permitted to protest on your own
land. Cindy and the other Iowa farmers fighting the eminent domain of
the pipeline in court requested a stay until their court date, which
isn't until December 14<sup>th</sup>. The pipeline's lawyers claimed
it would cost them half a million dollars to skip over these farmers
and come back, if granted the stay, so the request for a stay was
declined, unless the farmer's agreed to put up a half million bond
each. About a week later, the pipeline company skipped ahead to
their land to bury their pipes, even though they hadn't dug on either
side yet. When this whole fight started a couple years back, there
were many more farmers fighting the eminent domain. The nine still
fighting are the ones actually able to afford to go to court. The
pipeline company has convinced the state that they are a utility, so
they are being regulated by the Iowa Utilities Board. While putting
the pipe in, the company left behind and buried a lot of their
debris. Ms. Coppola jokes that she'll believe a corporation's a
person when Texas executes one. She mentions that she attended
nonviolent training before protesting, other occasions she protested
this pipeline, and wishes good luck to anyone else fighting a large
corporation's eminent domain. If you watch Lee Camp's full episode,
he does an excellent job of making fun of CNN and their war against
“fake news”. Highlight: CNN tells people it's only legal for the
media to look at the Wikileak's emails.<br />
<br />
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
This
is hardly the only shenanigans that's been going on in Iowa. Like
when a number of protestors were arrested for <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://boldiowa.org/2016/11/07/climateemergency/">trespassing
with the permission of the landowner</a></u></span></span>. That's
right, trespassing, with the permission of the landowner. While the
Dakota Access workers were there without the landowner's permission.
Some of the people making the arrests were apparently private
security.</div>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEY_6sDqA3FwXCU_5c3lkjfcQDAPIp24ZrCrBjSys4ZsUyEQ4KsGCin9-YEZN2ctG5RqfBCEb9OkZe2OLCxQZxsbySjzWXJmWJa0WBZl4aElKq06lk_1I3ubXTa4MJXW7U6-nwChLwx0Yi/s1600/splitestate-neighbor907-b.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEY_6sDqA3FwXCU_5c3lkjfcQDAPIp24ZrCrBjSys4ZsUyEQ4KsGCin9-YEZN2ctG5RqfBCEb9OkZe2OLCxQZxsbySjzWXJmWJa0WBZl4aElKq06lk_1I3ubXTa4MJXW7U6-nwChLwx0Yi/s1600/splitestate-neighbor907-b.PNG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Drilling rig violating land without consent <br />
<a name='more'></a>of landowner. Source: <a href="http://splitestate.com/">Split Estate</a></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: right;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: right;">
</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Oil
and gas companies have been trampling all over the land of farmers
and other country folk without their permission for years now. It's
not just about the pipeline. It's also about how they are obtaining
the oil and gas to begin with. One interviewee in the documentary
film <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://splitestate.com/">Split
Estate</a></u></span></span> states, “We are in a split estate
situation where we own the surface and someone else owns the mineral
rights, and what happens in Colorado and in I think in most western
states is the mineral rights are dominant.” I suppose I can't hope
to convince readers who believe that property rights are whatever the
government says they are, but if you believe in any type of natural
property/homesteading rights and/or stewardship at all, then this is
essentially eminent domain for oil and gas drillers. Only worse,
since eminent domain usually involves better compensation. (Not
mentioned in Split Estate, <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/forced-pooling-when-landowners-cant-say-no-to-drilling">forced
pooling</a></u></span></span> is another method used by oil and gas
corporations to drill without landowner consent.) Another interviewee
states, “We have uh 70 acres here, and I can't convince them that
they need to drill somewhere besides 200 feet from our house.”
Another, “Sometimes I said, you come out here and live, you come
out here and live in my house for a week. I have no rights.” A
representative from ConocoPhillips also admits that, “We do drill
in populated areas,” so this isn't limited only to farmers and
ranchers.</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
This
is not just about landowner rights. This is also about human health
and life. Between 2003 and 2008, it is estimated that there were 1435
spills in Colorado alone. Laura Amos, landowner, stated “As
everyone in this room probably knows, my groundwater has been
contaminated with methane [inaudible] gas. There's a lot of people in
this room with contamination and pollution issues. So who then is
responsible to me for that, that loss of my welfare if it's not you
the gas commission?” Another Split Estate interviewee said, “You
know they were doing okay as long as the rigs and that weren't there
and it was just the working well and um you still got of smells and
that and I just couldn't be outside, it wasn't in the house. But, uh,
then they brought in, um, the temporary rig, cause they were having
problems with one of the holes I think. And then the smells all
started up again, cause they were they were doing the fracking, and
it all blows right over here. We had one back there behind us, we had
two on the side here, that were all working, you know, flaring with
gas, and um, and I got much more ill after the fire, whatever was
there just burned and came right at me. You know, it was like
somebody had just dumped chemicals on me. Finally I couldn't stand it
anymore and Monday my husband took me to the emergency room at the
hospital.” However, without information on what chemicals were
used, all the tests were inconclusive. Regarding her grandchildren,
“Yeah, they've been pretty sick, they've had colds, asthma, lung
infections.”</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Another
interviewee, speaking of his wife and himself, says, “And then
everything changed. Chris would get in the shower and her skin turned
bright red. I think it was in '96. It hurt her skin, it was burning,
on fire, she would swell. […] I'd feel dizzy, um, I'd get bloody
noses. […] I was afraid she was gonna bleed to death. She'd wake up
in the morning and she would be covered in blood and her nose would
be bleeding just like crazy, the pillow was covered in blood, the
sheets were covered with blood. […] Put a glass of water out and
let it sit overnight and there was like a little oil slick on top […]
it burned […] this was the water that they said was safe to drink.”</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHH6_h508XB347GaBJ8zA-nCppg4DLeQY-opetpgP8ka7W8AbuVIx6x5EFgIfppppX6Y0FYiyhv0zGBpRXTSWKrQjiX833HXhzcWjarMpyvMp8Q8-zM-pkEwaHON0gt8JhxXWYAD-RQRm4/s1600/gasland-flamingtapwater3.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHH6_h508XB347GaBJ8zA-nCppg4DLeQY-opetpgP8ka7W8AbuVIx6x5EFgIfppppX6Y0FYiyhv0zGBpRXTSWKrQjiX833HXhzcWjarMpyvMp8Q8-zM-pkEwaHON0gt8JhxXWYAD-RQRm4/s1600/gasland-flamingtapwater3.PNG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Flaming tap water. Source: <a href="http://one.gaslandthemovie.com/home">Gasland</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
In
his documentary films <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://one.gaslandthemovie.com/home">Gasland</a></u></span></span>
and <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://dev.gaslandthemovie.com/home">Gasland
2</a></u></span></span>, environmentalist Josh Fox continues the
theme of interviewing landowners, with special emphasis on health
effects. An interviewee states, “Sometimes [the water] bubbles and
hisses when it comes out. […] When Cabot and them came in to get
the water and they were telling me it was okay to drink I said well
here go ahead and drink it, and they wouldn't drink it. […] There
were days when four kids were out of school sick. Everybody was sick,
pretty, including me, we were all, our stomachs were really really
acting up, couldn't handle eating anything for over a month, right,
and then Gene next door talked to me at church and said, 'You notice
anything funny about your water? Our well's gone bad.'”</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Another
interviewee, “Four and a half years ago, Ronda got really sick with
an extreme neuropathy and--and is in a lot of pain, and she just
faded fast.” Another, “The deck was enveloped and it had this big
grey cloud […] so we were in the house I'd say mostly at the most
15 minutes when I got up and passed out and you get pains, pains all
over your body, you don't know why you're getting the pains, and then
they come and go and they'll show up in another part of your body. So
I got to the point where, um, I was walking with a 4-pronged steel
cane because I couldn't walk on my own.” Another, “It really
started to bother me when my boys were having nosebleeds. Josh, he'd
wake up and then he'd be panicked because he has blood everywhere.
Seeing my baby in that way was kinda traumatizing. At what point do
you say nosebleeds are one thing, but I don't want to see my child
with leukemia and then look back and go well if I had moved, maybe my
child would be healthy.”</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Josh
Fox also managed to obtain recordings and other information from an
industry strategy sharing meeting. A highlight, “We have several
former PSYOPs folks that work for us at Range because they're very
comfortable in dealing with um localized issues and local
governments. [...] Having that understanding of PSYOPs in the Army
and in the middle east has applied very helpfully here, um, for us in
Pennsylvania.” Another, “In almost every instance where I've gone
up against a strong activist insurgency, it does not matter what the
facts are. Because the facts stand in the way of your ability to
raise funds.” If you would like more details on oil and gas
drilling operations across the US and also a bit of footage from
Australia, and how this is impacting landowners, families, and
communities, feel free to watch <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://splitestate.com/">Split
Estate</a></u></span></span>, <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://one.gaslandthemovie.com/home">Gasland</a></u></span></span>,
and <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://www.gaslandthemovie.com/">Gasland
2</a></u></span></span> for yourself.</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Part
of what I'm trying to demonstrate here is that the process of
dehumanization, once begun, doesn't end with whomever is the initial
target. For centuries, the US government and other governments of
colonial nations, and whatever corporations and citizens are their
accomplices, have oppressed, warred against, and stolen land and
resources away from indigenous peoples, and now we see them turning
against farmers, ranchers, and anyone else in the way of their
imperialistic profiteering. Our national governments train military
personnel in PSYOPs and send them to the middle east, and then they
come back and are hired by imperialist corporations to use PSYOPs
against our fellow citizens. Soldiers who develop PTSD sometimes <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/04/27/475908537/after-combat-stress-violence-can-show-up-at-home">lash
out</a></u></span></span> at their spouses after coming home. A
society which is willing to hurt foreign nationals tends to be more
willing to hurt its own as well. It is a common charge of nationalist
war hawks that those of us who oppose war do not care enough about
our fellow citizens. While the notion that one human life is more
worthy of not being cut short than another, merely by virtue of the
location of their birth, is offensive to many of us who oppose war,
this is unfortunately how many people think, and it is possible to
counter their argument, within the context of their own values, by
pointing out the harm our nation's warmongering ways has on our
fellow citizens. Indeed, quite a number of nationalists, including
some self-admitted racists, have already realized this on some level
and joined the anti-war/anti-imperialism cause.</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
All
this means that when we see the Lakota and <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/09/12/us/12tribes.html?_r=0">around
280 other tribes</a></u></span></span> (perhaps more by now) standing
up to the oil pipeline companies, they are not just standing up for
themselves, nor do they stand alone anymore. Opposition to the Dakota
Access Pipeline, and other pipelines, is an area where a number of
interests converge. Hope that one day we might be able to compel our
governments and corporations to treat indigenous people respectfully.
Farmers, ranchers, and other landowners who are tired of having
little or no rights on their own land thanks to mineral rights and
forced pooling, tired of getting sick so that others can profit. More
farmers who don't like their land being taken by eminent domain to
make way for the pipeline, and can be arrested for trying to protest
on their own land before they've even had their day in court. Black
Lives Matter activists who want to <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://blacklivesmatter.com/solidarity-with-standing-rock/">show
solidarity</a></u></span></span> with indigenous people. <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.rt.com/usa/369119-veterans-constitution-dapl-protest/">Veterans</a></u></span></span>
for <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.veteransforpeace.org/take-action/veterans-peace-standing-rock/">Peace</a></u></span></span>.
<span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://www.foodnotbombs.net/new_site/events.php">Food
Not Bombs</a></u></span></span>. <a href="https://www.aclu.org/blog/speak-freely/how-many-law-enforcement-agencies-does-it-take-subdue-peaceful-protest">ACLU</a>. <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.rt.com/usa/368857-dakota-dapl-amnesty-police/">Amnesty
International</a></u></span></span>. Anyone concerned about <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://www.dw.com/en/polar-ice-sheets-melting-faster-than-ever/a-16432199">melting
polar ice caps</a></u></span></span> and living in a low elevation
area <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://world.350.org/pacificwarriors/">somewhere
in the world</a></u></span></span>. And for that matter, anyone, <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9TR9G5bd7w">even
folks all the way in Australia</a></u></span></span>, who is pained
in their hearts to witness what is happening.<br />
</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
We're
talking about the drinking water for <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://www.commondreams.org/views/2016/10/12/financial-powers-behind-dakota-access-pipeline-must-be-confronted">8
million people</a></u></span></span>. Concerns about the danger posed
to the potability of the water are not unfounded. In October, a
pipeline run by Sunoco Logistics, a subsidiary of Energy Transfer
Partners, one of the companies behind DAPL, broke and <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://thefreethoughtproject.com/broken-pipeline-spills-55000-gasoline/">dumped
55,000 gallons of gasoline</a></u></span></span> into the Susquehanna
River in Pennsylvania. An oil pipeline in Peru had <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/us-peru-oil-spill-idUSKCN10L2Q3">23
ruptures</a></u></span></span> since 2011, as of August. The Peruvian
Amazon has been referred to as a “<span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://www.commondreams.org/news/2016/06/28/repeat-oil-spills-turning-peruvian-amazon-sacrifice-zone-big-oil">sacrifice
zone</a></u></span></span>”. The USA has a long history of
“<span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://billmoyers.com/segment/chris-hedges-on-capitalism%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%98sacrifice-zones%E2%80%99/">sacrifice
zones</a></u></span></span>”. According to Amanda Starbuck, 80
people have been <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://www.ombwatch.org/blog/map-displays-five-years-oil-pipeline-spills">killed</a></u></span></span>
in the USA in pipeline leaks and ruptures since 2010.</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Recently,
we've been seeing a rather brutal crackdown on non-mainstream
journalism. Deia Schosberg <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.rt.com/usa/364092-documentary-journalist-pipeline-charges/">arrested</a></u></span></span>
for filming a pipeline-related protest from public property, charged
with felonies. Says Josh Fox, “We've been in situations throughout
the entire world including tracking into the Amazon for you know 12
kilometers to find oil spills that no one is reporting on the film
goes to the you know Samoa and um you know China where I'm chased by
the secret police and enter Mongolia, never did I think in a million
years that Deia's livelihood and her life would be most threatened
and this is a person I've seen negotiate tarantulas and green pit
vipers in the Amazon but I never thought her gravest threat would be
from our own government.” Erin Schrode was <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://twitter.com/ErinSchrode/status/794255752055562240">shot</a></u></span></span>
by police with a <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.rt.com/usa/365400-journalist-dapl-protest-schrode/">rubber
bullet</a></u></span></span> while interviewing a protestor on
camera. <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://www.unicornriot.ninja/?p=10071">Unicorn
Riot reports</a></u></span></span> four of their journalists being
arrested in connection with the protests. Democracy Now!'s Amy
Goodman was <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.thenation.com/article/amy-goodman-is-facing-prison-for-reporting-on-the-dakota-access-pipeline-that-should-scare-us-all/">charged
as a rioter</a></u></span></span> due to her filming, though the
charges were dismissed. Police <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.rt.com/usa/363949-dakota-pipeline-drones-blockade/">firing</a></u></span></span>
on airborne media drones. Furthermore, journalists who attend police
press conferences are being lied to. In <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=035eaQzQk4g">an
interview with RT</a></u></span></span>, Josh Fox states, “What's
really alarming, is that not only is there an attack on journalism,
but there is an attack on the truth. If you are in the [inaudible] I
mean look as journalists you know how often we have to quote the
police, but if the police are being 100-percent untruthful, if
there's no credibility coming out of the police department
whatsoever, how can you say that they're doing anything like
enforcing the law. They're just becoming a criminal gang protecting
the pipeline.”</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPZzFihmojmTtfNfv9U3VgCGSNuNf4yWbwRm0bt2Mex3paVUeSdWAnPmTQm20JZqkaOndzVy6ImKAqr2DrZGp81Us68hLMLeIXhBoW_5nLd20CGz7g5Ou19WbfZMSYxLnNrk_85yMf9idb/s1600/pepperspray-dapl.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="108" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPZzFihmojmTtfNfv9U3VgCGSNuNf4yWbwRm0bt2Mex3paVUeSdWAnPmTQm20JZqkaOndzVy6ImKAqr2DrZGp81Us68hLMLeIXhBoW_5nLd20CGz7g5Ou19WbfZMSYxLnNrk_85yMf9idb/s200/pepperspray-dapl.PNG" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.08in; margin-top: 0.08in;">
<i><span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://www.citypages.com/news/hennepin-county-sheriffs-deputies-use-batons-on-dakota-access-pipeline-protesters-141-arrested-video/399029131">Pepper
spray used against protestors</a></u></span></span></i></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Protestors
have been <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.rt.com/usa/365133-dakota-access-pipeline-standoff/">shot
with rubber bullets</a></u></span></span>, <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.rt.com/usa/367592-dapl-protest-bridge-teargas/">tear
gassed</a></u></span></span>, <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://www.taosnews.com/news/dapl-dispatch-water-cannons-injure-hundreds-in-below-freezing-standoff/article_f24b96aa-b1b4-11e6-a55c-2367110fb471.html">water
canonned</a></u></span></span>, <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://thefreethoughtproject.com/water-protector-dapl-grenade-destroys-arm/">grenaded</a></u></span></span>,
<span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://www.citypages.com/news/hennepin-county-sheriffs-deputies-use-batons-on-dakota-access-pipeline-protesters-141-arrested-video/399029131">pepper
sprayed</a></u></span></span>, <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.democracynow.org/2016/11/24/standing_rock_special_unlicensed_dapl_guards">attacked
with dogs</a></u></span></span>, allegedly held in <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/11/01/dakota-access-protesters-accuse-police-of-putting-them-in-dog-kennels-marking-them-with-numbers/">dog
kennels</a></u></span></span> after being arrested, etc. A DAPL
security worker wielding a rifle is believed to have <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBuz8RYfdWM">attempted
to infiltrate</a></u></span></span> a protestor camp.</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The
protestors have been using <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://www.unicornriot.ninja/?p=8632">non-violent
tactics</a></u></span></span>. (To clarify, I mean non-violent in
<span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://wagingnonviolence.org/feature/gandhi-win/">Ghandian</a></u></span></span>
sense, not the Rothbardian sense, in case any libertarian-leaning people are reading this.) Nonviolent tactics are apparently
so threatening to the US government, that they have <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://www.foodnotbombs.net/terrorism_allegations.html">apparently</a></u></span></span>
used “agent provocateurs” against the anti-war group “Food Not
Bombs” as part of their efforts to brand the group as “terrorists”.
According to their website, the group <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://www.foodnotbombs.net/new_site/faq.php">believes</a></u></span></span>
they were labeled as terrorists because, “All we had done was claim
we had the right to feed the hungry in protest to war and poverty.
[…] The U.S. government was also concerned that our failure to stop
sharing food as directed would threaten their ability to manipulate
the hungry by moving food programs to more desirable locations or by
threatening to withhold food if the public didn't cooperate with the
authorities. Since we will provide food wherever and whenever it is
needed, this interferes with the government’s ability to use food
for social control.” Against the DAPL protestors, we primarily see
the government cracking down on journalism and lying at police press
conferences (though this does not rule out the possibility that there
may be agent provocateurs, especially considering that DAPL security
worker found with the rifle). Nonviolent resistance aims in large
part at reaching the hearts of the public – but this requires the
public to be able to see what is happening.</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
While
I was writing this, the DAPL protestors did manage at least a limited
victory, when the US Army Corps of Engineers <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.rt.com/usa/369177-dapl-pipeline-lake-rerouted/">denied</a></u></span></span>
a particular easement request, specifically relating to the part of
the pipeline that would go near Standing Rock. However, it is <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://fortune.com/2016/12/05/standing-rock-victory-fragile-trump/">unknown</a></u></span></span>
if this decision will be able to hold. A number of protestors are
<span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://www.foxnews.com/us/2016/12/07/standing-rock-protesters-stay-put-despite-victory-elements.html">remaining</a></u></span></span>.
Even assuming the pipeline companies are ultimately forced to
reroute, it would still have to <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.wired.com/2016/12/standing-rock-safe-dapl-still-needs-cross-river/">cross
water somewhere</a></u></span></span>, unless the whole project is
called off. (Yes, I realize that was over a week ago, but I tried to publish this article on another website before giving up and posting it on my blog instead.)</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Of
course, the oil and gas companies, the government… these things do
not act on their own. Oil and gas corporations do ultimately serve at
the whims of the consumers. For example, most people who pay an
electric bill have the option to <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://apps3.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/buying/buying_power.shtml">buyrenewable energy</a></u></span></span> instead of fossil fuel energy.
For an idealist, analyzing one's full complicity, even if accidental,
in this is likely to be painful. But not unimportant – is it
possible to fight war or any other injustice with any level of
effectiveness or authenticity, if we ignore our own role in causing
it in the first place? However, in the short term, looking at <span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="http://sacredstonecamp.org/faq/#howtohelp">their
requests</a></u></span></span> might be more practical.</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
On a
final note, philospher-artists Giordano Nanni and Hugo Farrant
<span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><u><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RM3W5XBrVEA">suggest</a></u></span></span>,
“Why are some of us now being called 'non-indigenous'? It's
fitting, I guess, for a population that wants to mimic this meme of
invading aliens from Hollywood picture flicks who kill the natives
and ravage the planet of all its riches quick. To survive, some say
we need to heed indigenous people. Perhaps what we also need need is
to be indigenous, people. Do we belong to planet earth, or to an
alien invasion?”</div>
</div>
Aislinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08357084413835432243noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7548459907331767733.post-23309406205282506022016-12-10T15:03:00.000-08:002017-01-05T12:28:48.754-08:00John Locke, homesteading and other topics, in retrospect<div class="tr_bq">
While many libertarian and Austrian economists prefer more modern theories of homesteading and natural property rights, most of these seem to trace their intellectual heritage back to John Locke's <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/7370/7370-h/7370-h.htm">Second Treatise of Government</a>, from 1690. While respecting that Locke does not represent most modern views, I believe it is important that to examine Locke's theories not merely on a theoretical level, but with a view in mind of historical events that Locke himself could not have predicted or may not have had knowledge of. We will also make reference to to the competitor of Locke, Thomas Hobbes, whose <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3207/3207-h/3207-h.htm">Leviathan</a> was published in 1651. </div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Setting the stage</span></span><br />
<br />
When read without historical context, particularly from the perspective of someone still idealistic and full of hope regarding the nature of their fellow human beings, <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/7370/7370-h/7370-h.htm#CHAPTER_II">Chapter II</a> (<a href="http://www.archive.org/download/two_treatises_0902_librivox/twotreatises_13_locke.mp3">audio</a>) appears fairly
reasonable, though I would draw your attention, dear reader, to the
following quotation:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges every one: and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions: for men being all the workmanship of one omnipotent, and infinitely wise maker; all the servants of one sovereign master, sent into the world by his order, and about his business; they are his property, whose workmanship they are, made to last during his, not one another's pleasure: and being furnished with like faculties, sharing all in one community of nature, there cannot be supposed any such subordination among us, that may authorize us to destroy one another, as if we were made for one another's uses, as the inferior ranks of creatures are for our's. Every one, as he is bound to preserve himself, and not to quit his station wilfully, so by the like reason, when his own preservation comes not in competition, ought he, as much as he can, to preserve the rest of mankind, and may not, unless it be to do justice on an offender, take away, or impair the life, or what tends to the preservation of the life, the liberty, health, limb, or goods of another."</blockquote>
I put forth the question, can "no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions" and "Every one, as he is bound to preserve himself, and not to quit his station wilfully" always be self-consistent? That is to say, can a person always refrain from harming others in "life, health, liberty, or possessions" and at the same time "preserve himself, and not quit his station wilfully"? (I realize that some may be thinking that Locke is objecting to voluntary suicide, and well he might, but since it is not what I am trying to discuss right now, consider "bound to preserve himself" as the natural survival instinct that most life forms have, i.e., consider this in the context of those of us who want to live.) Is "when his own preservation comes not in competition" a brief nod to the possibility that these two goals may not always be simultaneously possible?<br />
<br />
Also I call to your attention to:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<br />
"And in the case, and upon this ground, EVERY MAN HATH A RIGHT
TO PUNISH THE OFFENDER, AND BE EXECUTIONER OF THE LAW OF NATURE.</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Sect. 9. I doubt not but this will seem a very strange doctrine to some
men: but before they condemn it, I desire them to resolve me, by what
right any prince or state can put to death, or punish an alien, for any
crime he commits in their country. It is certain their laws, by virtue
of any sanction they receive from the promulgated will of the
legislative, reach not a stranger: they speak not to him, nor, if they
did, is he bound to hearken to them. The legislative authority, by which
they are in force over the subjects of that commonwealth, hath no power
over him. Those who have the supreme power of making laws in England,
France or Holland, are to an Indian, but like the rest of the world, men
without authority: and therefore, if by the law of nature every man hath
not a power to punish offences against it, as he soberly judges the case
to require, I see not how the magistrates of any community can punish an
alien of another country; since, in reference to him, they can have no
more power than what every man naturally may have over another."</blockquote>
<br />
And here we see not only reference to punishing an "alien", someone who is not a member of the society in question, but specifically an "Indian" -- not merely an immigrant who it might be hoped would put some effort into learning the local culture enough to avoid major conflict, but an Indian (by which Locke most likely means an American Indian), presumably on their own cultural territory still. So I ask you, is there any "law of nature" so basic, so innate within all humanity that even a total stranger, though he may not speak our language or know our ways, though we may have appeared uninvited by either him or his tribe on their territory, can be expected to share this understanding and engage with us accordingly, and if so, does Locke accurately describe this "law of nature"?<br />
<br />
Looking at <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/7370/7370-h/7370-h.htm#CHAPTER_III">Chapter III</a> (<a href="http://www.archive.org/download/two_treatises_0902_librivox/twotreatises_14_locke.mp3">audio</a>), we see Locke start off with a great deal of certainty about what constitutes a declaration of war, and transition into uncertainty regarding people's ability to determine for themselves what counts as such a declaration, ending with, "of that I myself can only be judge in my own conscience,
as I will answer it, at the great day, to the supreme judge of all men."<br />
<br />
I draw the reader's attention to this passage near the middle:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"Sect. 18. This makes it lawful for a man to kill a thief, who has not in
the least hurt him, nor declared any design upon his life, any farther
than, by the use of force, so to get him in his power, as to take away
his money, or what he pleases, from him; because using force, where he
has no right, to get me into his power, let his pretence be what it
will, I have no reason to suppose, that he, who would take away my
liberty, would not, when he had me in his power, take away every thing
else. And therefore it is lawful for me to treat him as one who has put
himself into a state of war with me, i.e. kill him if I can; for to that
hazard does he justly expose himself, whoever introduces a state of war,
and is aggressor in it."</blockquote>
<br />
A few points -- the use of the word "force" is vague here. The use of the world "force" and related terms such as "aggression" and "coercion" in philosophy have changed over the years and from one philosopher to the next. The first instinct of many modern readers may be to assume a more modern definition, which often includes force against property including by stealth and some types of fraud. However, it is possible Locke is using an older definition, closer to what we see in Hobbes' <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3207/3207-h/3207-h.htm">Leviathan</a> in "Totall Excuses" and "Crimes Against Private Men Compared", in which Hobbes lists the taking of food by force or stealth as two separate possible methods, and, when discussing the "spoyling a man of his goods" makes clear distinction between the methods "by Terrour of death, or wounds", "clandestine surreption" and "consent fraudulently obtained", the "force" discussed in the earlier section presumably referring to "by Terrour of death, or wounds".<br />
<br />
Continuing:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"Thus a thief,
whom I cannot harm, but by appeal to the law, for having stolen all that
I am worth, I may kill, when he sets on me to rob me but of my horse or
coat; because the law, which was made for my preservation, where it
cannot interpose to secure my life from present force, which, if lost,
is capable of no reparation, permits me my own defence, and the right of
war, a liberty to kill the aggressor, because the aggressor allows not
time to appeal to our common judge, nor the decision of the law, for
remedy in a case where the mischief may be irreparable. Want of a common
judge with authority, puts all men in a state of nature: force without
right, upon a man's person, makes a state of war, both where there is,
and is not, a common judge."</blockquote>
<br />
This would seem to suggest an older, less modern use of the definition of "force", though I may be misreading, as that would leave open the question of how, without "appeal to the law", Locke intends to deal with the question of one who has "stolen all that
I am worth" by stealth or fraud already.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"But when the actual force is over, the state of war ceases
between those that are in society, and are equally on both sides
subjected to the fair determination of the law; because then there lies
open the remedy of appeal for the past injury, and to prevent future
harm: but where no such appeal is, as in the state of nature, for want
of positive laws, and judges with authority to appeal to, the state of
war once begun, continues [...] until the aggressor offers peace [...]"</blockquote>
<br />
This might bring us back to the suggestion of possibly a more modern definition of "force"... perhaps Locke only meant for us to "appeal to the law" regarding past theft by stealth or fraud in the event there was an actual law to appeal to, for, without it, the state of war would continue. Indeed, scrolling back up to Chapter II would seem to confirm the more modern interpretation.<br />
<br />
Putting aside for a moment what Locke actually meant by "force" and "aggressor", especially considering he himself seemed a bit uncertain of a person's ability to judge, consider for a moment whether the concept of "theft" and the implication of property rights is so universal that even an outsider to our culture, a total stranger, who may not speak our language, can be expected to understand, especially if we include "theft by stealth" of goods we are not actually watching over. And the reverse... might we steal that which is his without knowing that we have done so? Is Locke right to assume that a state of peace, rather than a state of war, is the default between people in the state of nature, and that war, being the non-default, necessarily contains the concepts of an aggressor and an innocent party?<br />
<br />
Going over <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/7370/7370-h/7370-h.htm#CHAPTER_IV">Chapter IV</a> (<a href="http://www.archive.org/download/two_treatises_0902_librivox/twotreatises_15_locke.mp3">audio</a>), we see a more narrow definition of slavery than that which some more modern philosophers use (which is why in more modern discourse many of us now use the term "chattel slavery" to discuss what earlier philosophers might've simply called "slavery"). The distinction Locke makes between "slavery" and "drudgery" is not dissimilar to the distinction Hobbes makes between a slave/captive and a servant in "Despoticall Dominion, How Attained" and "Not By The Victory, But By The Consent of the Vanquished" in <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3207/3207-h/3207-h.htm#link2H_4_0244">Leviathan</a>. Locke's description of slavery is a bit more theoretical, "under an absolute,
arbitrary, despotical power", whereas Hobbes is more graphic, "that work in Prisons, or Fetters, do it not
of duty, but to avoyd the cruelty of their task-masters". Both agree that no contract to enter into the condition of slavery is valid. Both agree that the condition may be ended by some sort of contract, which must meet certain minimum standards to be valid, i.e. not leave the surrendering party in the condition of slavery. (More on that in a bit.) What is perhaps of more significance is the emphasis Locke places on the concept of a "lawful conqueror". See here:<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"Indeed, having by his fault forfeited his own life, by some act that
deserves death; he, to whom he has forfeited it, may (when he has him in
his power) delay to take it, and make use of him to his own service, and
he does him no injury by it: for, whenever he finds the hardship of his
slavery outweigh the value of his life, it is in his power, by resisting
the will of his master, to draw on himself the death he desires. </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Sect. 24. This is the perfect condition of slavery, which is nothing
else, but the state of war continued, between a lawful conqueror and a
captive"</blockquote>
Hang on a moment here. Why should we assume that the "lawful" side should emerge the victor, what do we mean by "some act that deserves death", and, if someone has indeed done "some act that deserves death", do we really expect his cooperation, and what benefit would be served by enslaving him rather than other penalties? By, "some act that deserves death", do we mean murder or the theft of a piece of fruit? (Or perhaps, as some of his readers might have supposed, not being Christian or not being white?) One would hope for something like "murder" being "some act that deserves death", but, Locke's previous chapters might suggest the stealing fruit to be sufficient. Certainly, an attempt to enslave a serial killer is unlikely to be profitable or even safe. At first glance, this could be a mere justification for "prison labor" (i.e. of convicted criminals), which many more modern philosophers who otherwise oppose slavery don't always seem to object to, but then why do we not see, in this section, discussion of wrongfully captured people? (To be fair, Locke does go on about just and unjust wars in Chapter XVI, but I think it's telling that, in the chapter on slavery, he assumes that the "just" side is victor.)<br />
<br />
Okay, history. Locke published this in 1690. The transatlantic slave trade started perhaps around <a href="http://slavevoyages.org/assessment/estimates">1501</a>, sooner if we count <a href="http://www.understandingprejudice.org/nativeiq/columbus.htm">Columbus</a> sending back American Indians as slaves. The first African slave ship to Great Britain might've been in 1556. The first to the present USA, around 1645. So, by the time Locke wrote this, the transfer of black slaves from Africa, including to Great Britain and the American colonies, had been going on for decades. Also, I would like to point out that captives who tried to choose death over slavery were often <a href="http://www.ama.africatoday.com/middle_passage.htm">force fed</a>. Locke was apparently an <a href="https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/06/locke-treatise-slavery-private-property/">investor</a> an the Royal African Company, a slave-trading organization, and played some role in drafting the <a href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/nc05.asp">Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina</a>. "Every freeman of Carolina shall have absolute power and authority over his negro slaves, of what opinion or religion soever." There is some confusion over the <a href="http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/armitage/files/armitage-locke.pdf">exact extent</a> of Locke's hand in writing the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, but I think what we are seeing here in his Second Treatise is not a rationale for prison labor of a convicted criminal, but rather, an attempt to dehumanize people to justify the cruelty of slavery. I am not quite sure what mental hoops Locke jumped through to convince himself that people from Africa deserved this fate, but I think that we should take to heart one of the dangers of excessive idealism -- that of arrogance, the overconfidence of assuming that we are right and those we hurt are wrong, the danger of rationalizing rather than confronting our flaws. Any time idealism is used for dehumanizing purposes, it is a warning, that we should be cautious, for we have probably gone down the wrong path. It's quite a shame, really, since one would think from having read Locke's <a href="http://www.nlnrac.org/earlymodern/locke/documents/first-treatise-of-government">First Treatise</a>, and even other portions of his Second Treatise, that he would've been an abolitionist, and indeed, many actual opponents of slavery have quoted from him. Indeed, it is perhaps because we can quote Locke's own words against his actions, as seen below, and the flaws in his text such as we see above are difficult to spot, that Locke has continued to inspire many men and women who were far more enlightened than he himself was.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<br />
"Slavery is so vile and miserable an estate of man, and so directly
opposite to the generous temper and courage of our nation; that it is
hardly to be conceived, that an <i>Englishman,</i> much less a gentleman, should plead for it." -- Locke's First Treatise</blockquote>
<br />
On the other side of the table, representing realism rather than idealism, we have Hobbes, who, when discussing the issue of slavery, skips the question of who is just and who is unjust, and <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/3207/3207-h/3207-h.htm#link2H_4_0244">reaffirms</a> the right of the captive to resist: "a Captive, which is kept in prison, or bonds, till
the owner of him that took him, or bought him of one that did, shall
consider what to do with him: (for such men, (commonly called Slaves,)
have no obligation at all; but may break their bonds, or the prison; and
kill, or carry away captive their Master, justly". Now, Hobbes is hardly in line with more modern philosophies... for example his idea that a covenant made under severe duress is still valid (provided the severe duress ceased), his faith in the monarchy to establish peace between people, and his reluctance to try to appeal to people's better nature rather than simply accepting that people will do awful things given the opportunity... but for all that, his realist heart was faster to affirm the right of the captive to resist, by whatever means, than Locke's idealist heart. In terms of practical advice to one facing enslavement, death, or other violence, Hobbes has more to offer to such a person than Locke in his Second Treatise does.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">On homesteading</span></span><br />
<br />
Locke's fifth chapter, <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/7370/7370-h/7370-h.htm#CHAPTER_V">Of Property</a> (<a href="http://www.archive.org/download/two_treatises_0902_librivox/twotreatises_16_locke.mp3">audio</a>), is probably nearest and dearest of all his work to modern right-wing libertarians and Austrian economists. It is quite possible that some have only read this section, or such portion of it as was quoted by other philosophers, and thus missed that troublesome defense of slavery in Chapter IV.<br />
<br />
In any case, Chapter V looks beautiful on paper. If we had a great area of unclaimed land and a number of people, and all the people assented that they thought this was a good way of dividing the land, or at least an acceptable compromise, and there was plenty for all to carve out a sufficient portion to live on without fear of being crowded out, it would be a fine system indeed. It is a more enlightened system of land distribution than the idea of divine right, such as Locke refutes in his First Treatise, and that of government right, such as we see today where deeds to land are traced back to the government, which usually profits off of their sale and continues to tax them, and may be revoked by the government at any time.<br />
<br />
But we aren't actually talking about unclaimed land. There were already American Indians there. Consider, for example, the history of English interactions with the <a href="http://www.tolatsga.org/wampa.html">Wampanoag</a>, which was already well in progress by the time Locke published his Second Treatise. Let's see... "Like other Algonquin in southern New England, the Wampanoag were a
horticultural people who supplemented their agriculture with hunting and
fishing." So much for Locke's claim that the American Indians left the land an "uncultivated waste". <br />
<br />
Let's read more closely for references in this chapter to the American Indians and their management of the land, shall we?<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"for I ask, whether in the wild woods and uncultivated
waste of America, left to nature, without any improvement, tillage or
husbandry, a thousand acres yield the needy and wretched inhabitants as
many conveniencies of life, as ten acres of equally fertile land do in
Devonshire, where they are well cultivated?"<br />
<br />
"There cannot be a clearer demonstration of any thing, than
several nations of the Americans are of this, who are rich in land, and
poor in all the comforts of life; whom nature having furnished as
liberally as any other people, with the materials of plenty, i.e. a
fruitful soil, apt to produce in abundance, what might serve for food,
raiment, and delight; yet for want of improving it by labour, have not
one hundredth part of the conveniencies we enjoy: and a king of a large
and fruitful territory there, feeds, lodges, and is clad worse than a
day-labourer in England."<br />
<br />
"An acre of land, that bears here twenty bushels of wheat, and
another in America, which, with the same husbandry, would do the like,
are, without doubt, of the same natural intrinsic value: but yet the
benefit mankind receives from the one in a year, is worth 5l. and from
the other possibly not worth a penny, if all the profit an Indian
received from it were to be valued, and sold here; at least, I may truly
say, not one thousandth."</blockquote>
<br />
What we're seeing here isn't an argument in favor of the original homesteader. What we're seeing here is an argument in favor of eminent domain. Indeed, if you look below, Locke seemed intent on convincing others that this claim of eminent domain was harmless, for there was plenty left still for everyone else, even going so far as to claim that the eminent domainer was giving to some nebulous "mankind". A utilitarian argument. Don't get me wrong, I'm not totally against utilitarian arguments, especially where we're trying to calculate the number of lives we can save from some misfortune, such as war, but as an argument for eminent domain, it is highly suspect.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"Nor was this appropriation of any parcel of land, by improving
it, any prejudice to any other man, since there was still enough, and as
good left; and more than the yet unprovided could use. So that, in
effect, there was never the less left for others because of his
enclosure for himself: for he that leaves as much as another can make
use of, does as good as take nothing at all. No body could think himself
injured by the drinking of another man, though he took a good draught,
who had a whole river of the same water left him to quench his thirst:
and the case of land and water, where there is enough of both, is
perfectly the same."</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"And therefore he that incloses
land, and has a greater plenty of the conveniencies of life from ten
acres, than he could have from an hundred left to nature, may truly be
said to give ninety acres to mankind: for his labour now supplies him
with provisions out of ten acres, which were but the product of an
hundred lying in common."</blockquote>
<br />
Looking again at <a href="http://www.tolatsga.org/wampa.html">Wampanoag</a> history, early contact between the Wampanoag and the English appears to be relatively friendly (Thanksgiving is in honor of Wampanoag generosity), though not without complications and disaster -- most significantly, epidemics which wiped out a great number of Wampanoag. In so far as disease and sanitation were most likely poorly understood back then, we can at least assume that the disease was not intentional until we see evidence to the contrary. Relations appear to have deteriorated starting with the arrival of the Puritans. Of note:<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"After eating a meal in Duxbury, Alexander became violently ill and died.
The Wampanoag were told he died of a fever, but the records from the
Plymouth Council at the time make note of an expense for poison "to rid
ourselves of a pest." The following year Metacomet (Wewesawanit)
succeeded his murdered brother as grand sachem of the Wampanoag
eventually becoming known to the English as King Philip." -- <a href="http://www.tolatsga.org/wampa.html">Lee Sultzman</a> (Alexander and Philip were Wampanoag with English names.)</blockquote>
Relations between the English settlers and the Wampanoag, and, perhaps more to the point, tribes who heeded the Wampanoag's warming (seeing as how there were very few Wampanoag left at this point due to all the disease) deteriorated into war. However, even those who had adopted English ways were not spared.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"Particularly disturbing to the colonists was the defection of most of
the "Praying Indians." When Puritan missionaries attempted to gather
their converts, only 500 could be found. The others had either taken to
the woods or joined Philip. Their loyalty still suspect, the Praying
Indians who remained were sent to the islands of Boston Harbor and other
"plantations of confinement." -- <a href="http://www.tolatsga.org/wampa.html">Lee Sultman</a></blockquote>
Plantations of confinement... so reward for loyalty to the English was enslavement. <br />
<blockquote>
"At the outbreak of the fighting, the Narragansett had gathered themselves in single large fort in a swamp near Kingston, Rhode Island. Although it appeared they were on the verge of annulling their treaty with the English and entering the war on the side of Philip, the only thing they had been guilty of during the first six months of the conflict was providing shelter for Wampanoag women, children, and other non-combatants. In December of 1675, Governor Josiah Winslow of Plymouth led a 1,000 man army with 150 Mohegan scouts against the Narragansett. The English demanded the Narragansett surrender of any Wampanoag who remained and join them against Philip. When this was refused, the English attacked. Known as the Great Swamp Fight (December 19, 1675), the battle almost destroyed the Narragansett. In all they lost more than 600 warriors and at least 20 of their sachems, but the English also lost heavily to and was in no condition to pursue the Narragansett who escaped. Led by their sachem, Canonchet, many of the survivors joined Philip at Hoosick." -- Lee Sultman</blockquote>
So, the English attacked the Narragansett for sheltering non-combatants. And this was in 1675, 15 years before the publication of Locke's Second Treatise. So, the American Indians by this time had plenty of reason to not want to allow the English to continue "homesteading" on their territory. Reasons Locke makes no mention of. Did he not do his research? Was he simply to arrogant to question whatever distorted version of events he read courtesy of English propaganda? I have no idea. Certainly, it would not be the first time he showed exceedingly poor judgement, considering that travesty in Chapter IV.<br />
<br />
Let's take a further look at <a href="http://www.dickshovel.com/Narra.html">Narragansett</a> history, shall we? This tribe had previously arisen as the dominant tribe since they weren't as hard-hit by European diseases as the others, and had forced the Wampanoag to pay tribute. It should say something that they ultimately united against the English. This was not a tribe of pacifists, but it would seem that though the tribes of the area did war with each other, there was some code of honor between them, some depravities they considered wrong, and that the English crossed the line, causing former enemies to unite against them or at least offer shelter to non-combatants and survivors. This theme appears to be continued with, "Even Uncas and the Mohegan took pity on what had befallen their
Narragansett enemies and allowed some of them to settle in their
Connecticut villages after the war."<br />
<br />
As those of European heritage expanded further west, they encountered further opposition. The Bureau of Indian Affairs was <a href="http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h3577.html">created</a> in 1824 as part of the U.S. War Department. War, you know, that one issue so close to the hearts of so many libertarians, greens, and other types of pacifists/pseudo-pacifists that we often put aside our other disagreements to go protest against it. Upon encountering the Sioux and other plains Indians, we see the <a href="https://www.nps.gov/wica/learn/historyculture/upload/-7e-5-Chapter-Five-Treaties-and-Broken-Promises-Pp-84-132.pdf">1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie</a>. Which apparently not all tribes signed on to and which settlers more or less ignored. The history of interactions between the US settlers and the Lakata, Dakota, Nakota (Sioux tribes) and other plains Indians is long and relatively well documented, but let's look at how the Plains war started.<br />
<br />
It seems there was some cow that was killed and a bunch of soldiers got riled up over it and went to a nearby Indian camp seeking satisfaction. There was some attempt at negotiation. When asked why they had killed the cow, one of the Mniconjous replied, "It is a fact. Last year, the soldiers killed three of us and again this
year, as we sat by the side of the road, an emigrant shot at us and hit a
child in the head with a small ball (bullet)..." So, soldiers/settlers had killed four of the Mniconjous, including a child, and they retaliated by killing a cow. Which the Indians offered to pay for with a horse. Conquering Bear, the chief, refused to hand over the cow killer, and the soldiers shot someone, causing the Indians to retaliate by killing all the soldiers. For their part, the soldiers took Conquering Bear with them. This was called the <a href="http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/09/03/native-history-how-one-lame-cow-sparked-events-leading-plains-wars-151133">Grattan massacre</a> caused a wave of anti-Indian sentiments, leading to the <a href="http://www.nebraskahistory.org/publish/markers/texts/battle_of_blue_water.htm">Blue Water Creek</a> <a href="http://www.lakotacountrytimes.com/common/PastArchives/755.html">massacre</a>, where US soldiers killed Lakota men women and children indiscriminately, and thus began the Plains wars. For a more comprehensive history of our interactions with the Lakota and other plains Indians, feel free to check out the documentary <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VfvAqCHpXgA">Red Cry</a>, <a href="https://www.ted.com/talks/aaron_huey">Aaron Huey's lecture</a>, and the <a href="http://www.republicoflakotah.com/genocide/">Republic of Lakotah</a> website.<br />
<br />
None of this bears any resemblance to the idealist picture Locke paints of plenty of land and natives living in an idealized state of nature who won't mind being brought into an idealized commonwealth instead. And yet even after much of this already panned out, people were still hanging onto the idea that the natives had no right to the land because they allegedly weren't making full use of it. For example, Ayn Rand, considered by many to be a type of libertarian, once said,<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"I do not think that they have any right to live in a country merely because they were born here and acted and lived like savages. Americans didn’t conquer; Americans did not conquer that country." -- <a href="http://www.salon.com/2015/10/14/libertarian_superstar_ayn_rand_defended_genocide_of_savage_native_americans/">Ayn Rand</a></blockquote>
<br />
I would also like to point out that the height of agricultural technology was reached, not by Western civilization, but by indigenous Amazonians hundreds or thousands of year ago. Unfortunately, the technology, <a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/11/081119-lost-cities-amazon_2.html">terra preta</a>, was lost when most of the people inhabiting the area were wiped out by European disease and archaeologists are still trying to figure out how to replicate it.<br />
<br />
Locke, in his world, paints a world that doesn't exist, and societies who don't exist. Where land is scarce, Locke makes it sound is if there is plenty for all. Where the Indians did in fact have agriculture and some sort of concept of land ownership or stewardship or something, he makes it sound as though they had no legitimate claim on the land. Where white settlers were interested in taking away as much as they could for themselves, Locke made it sound as if all would benefit. To be fair, Locke did discourage waste, something which has been grossly ignored (mass slaughter of the buffalo, for example). And, on the question of whether Locke's system of homesteading is something sufficiently innate in human nature as to be understood by members of different cultures and languages without negotiation, the answer is clearly a resounding no.<br />
<br />
For comparison, we have Thomas Hobbes' <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3207/3207-h/3207-h.htm#link2H_4_0428">advice</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"The multitude of poor, and yet strong people still
encreasing, they are to be transplanted into Countries not sufficiently
inhabited: where neverthelesse, they are not to exterminate those they
find there; but constrain them to inhabit closer together, and not range a
great deal of ground, to snatch what they find; but to court each little
Plot with art and labour, to give them their sustenance in due season. And
when all the world is overchargd with Inhabitants, then the last remedy of
all is Warre; which provideth for every man, by Victory, or Death."</blockquote>
<br />
Not exactly the strong anti-war message we might hope for, but comparatively speaking, "they are not to exterminate those they
find there; but constrain them to inhabit closer together, and not range a
great deal of ground" would, if followed, most likely have lead to a more peaceful historical outcome than what we witnessed.<br />
<br />
This is, in many ways, a lesson in the dangers of idealism. When one imagines a beautiful, utopian world, and tries to impose that vision on the real world, the results tend to be quite dystopic. If someone would try to be more idealistic, perhaps it would be better to focus on trying to discourage the flaws in the human heart rather than re-imagining the fabric of the physical world.<br />
<br />
In many ways, the most interesting parts of Locke's theory are the
corollaries. "Nor was this appropriation of any parcel of land, by
improving
it, any prejudice to any other man, since there was still enough, and as
good left; and more than the yet unprovided could use." Corollary: If
there's not enough and as good left for the "yet unprovided", they might
be able to claim prejudice. "No body could think himself
injured by the drinking of another man, though he took a good draught,
who had a whole river of the same water left him to quench his thirst:
and the case of land and water, where there is enough of both, is
perfectly the same." Corollary: If someone steals or pollutes the whole
river, then others might be able to think themselves injured. Also of
interest, "As much as any one can make use of to any
advantage of life before it spoils, so much he may by his labour fix a
property in: whatever is beyond this, is more than his share, and
belongs to others. Nothing was made by God for man to spoil or destroy."
Huh, perhaps folks should've read that passage before <a href="https://indiancountrymedianetwork.com/news/genocide-by-other-means-us-army-slaughtered-buffalo-in-plains-indian-wars/">killing the buffalo</a> en masse. Also, from his first treatise, "and how will it appear, that propriety in land gives a man power over the life of another? or how will the possession even of the whole earth give any one a sovereign arbitrary authority over the persons of men? The most specious thing to be said is, that he that is proprietor of the whole world, may deny all the rest of mankind food, and so at his pleasure starve them, if they will not acknowledge his sovereignty, and obey his will".<br />
<br />
P.S. If it wasn't obvious already, I am green, not libertarian. Aislinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08357084413835432243noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7548459907331767733.post-55593493267017867742016-11-26T19:37:00.002-08:002016-12-18T17:01:47.915-08:00Environmentalists been fighting hard for human life and property rights; where have the rest of you been?To this day, stigma continues that environmentalists are, as a whole, more concerned with the pristineness of nature than with human life, and, furthermore, invariably or at least frequently Marxists or socialists. While addressing all the reasons for those stigmas is beyond the scope of this article, and acknowledging that environmentalism is no unified movement and that there is a wide variety of views among those who self-identify as environmentalists on matters such as human rights and economic systems, my goal here is to show that it is often environmentalists who are on the front lines in the fights for human life and property rights.<br />
<br />
To all those who declare your distaste of Marxism, to those who claim to champion the cause of rural landowners, to Austrian economists who decry our current economy as "crony capitalism", to both Republicans and right-wing Libertarians who fear that environmentalism has some hidden socialist/Marxist agenda, to Democrats who complain about Jill Stein stealing Hillary's votes and talk about how much they want to protect minorities, if you have not been supporting at least such specific environmentalist causes as are consistent with your stated values, where have you been?<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Fear Marxism*? Josh Fox infiltrated China and successfully smuggled out his footage in spite of suspicion from Chinese authorities.</span><br />
<br />
Josh Fox, a very popular environmental activist, successfully got video footage out of China -- and not the sort the Chinese authorities approved of. He was, unfortunately, unable to conduct as many interviews as he would've liked, as apparently his activities were reported. He hid the footage, and, after unsuccessfully trying to shake off the authorities, who were determined to tail him, ultimately decided to trick them into thinking he was just an innocent banjo player, not a journalist.<br />
<br />
As a model of industrial efficiency, Beijing might be considered something of a success. Home to 20 million people, buildings are built in complexes, the same building repeated perhaps 60 times. Exports in consumer products are high.<br />
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYP97IRTVUCI6Tb_Li7QJuoFRl71RFVI0uU-BHTT_-yLa0cYCLC4ivRT3MilX-SrWHUsntw8QHl7oIFJcZ2OIr-Wsy544UUPzREUBoTuxAMB82pmzTD7iXCuSWBoo2nMsOJfCw0w3qrmkc/s1600/beijing-aqi-2016-11-25.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="87" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYP97IRTVUCI6Tb_Li7QJuoFRl71RFVI0uU-BHTT_-yLa0cYCLC4ivRT3MilX-SrWHUsntw8QHl7oIFJcZ2OIr-Wsy544UUPzREUBoTuxAMB82pmzTD7iXCuSWBoo2nMsOJfCw0w3qrmkc/s320/beijing-aqi-2016-11-25.PNG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Beijing pm2.5 count at time of writing this article, Source:<a href="http://aqicn.org/city/beijing/">aqicn.org</a></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In his documentary, <a href="http://www.howtoletgomovie.com/">How to Let Go of the World and Love All the Things That Climate Can't Change</a>, Josh reveals Beijing as "a city that never opens its windows". Every building and car in Beijing apparently has a filter for something called "pm2.5", a sort of air pollution that plagues the city, much of it the result of burning coal. People check pm2.5 levels there the way people in other places check the weather. Outdoors, the use of masks is not uncommon.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEc7sRnr_cn-uUbSwG5Ja61LP1kqQkEhzx7CpWd000hc8M8e5Vj6pWRTNJtiDXIQqbmPDttje5l8KrGSKw-SN7O0ezNqsyxIWiVHFa2hYAY_wIzKDwUfLzyJ6-lsxFBnDvKUtADUqv9BRs/s1600/chinese-wedding-couple.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEc7sRnr_cn-uUbSwG5Ja61LP1kqQkEhzx7CpWd000hc8M8e5Vj6pWRTNJtiDXIQqbmPDttje5l8KrGSKw-SN7O0ezNqsyxIWiVHFa2hYAY_wIzKDwUfLzyJ6-lsxFBnDvKUtADUqv9BRs/s200/chinese-wedding-couple.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Chinese <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2569197/Chinese-couple-dont-let-smog-ruin-wedding-day-happily-pose-photos-wearing-GAS-MASKS.html">wedding couple</a> in gas masks.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
An estimated 1.2 million-2 million Chinese die to air pollution each year, around <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/air-pollution-china-deaths_us_55cd9a62e4b0ab468d9cefa9">4,400 deaths per day</a>. Those of you who point to industrial efficiency as an example of one of the benefits of capitalism have it backwards -- it is not capitalism's industrial efficiency, but rather, capitalism's ability to slow industrialism down, that we should be celebrating.<br />
<br />
To all of you Republicans and Libertarians and even Democrats who say the Greens/environmentalists are too Marxist or socialist for you -- where have you been? Have any of your activists snuck video footage out of a communist country lately? Have you even watched any of Josh Fox's documentaries?<br />
<br />
*Okay, so China isn't "real Marxism" any more than the USA is "real free-market capitalism", but hey, people still point at them as examples of "why communism doesn't work" or "why capitalism works", so apparently people see at least some likeness.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Right-wingers, support land ownership? Left-wingers, support minority rights? Care to extend that to indigenous Peruvians?</span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp66F22XdUgSNMgPYSW4S-N3NL5EHB_oq1Pbi3c_6PE52cUIGj9BBOo_Uw4tboZcgcj0dE9nbUvEOF28wcgPwRF45Xha2-eE5X_K0gLmM0aBpAC7Qs0ETm0RWSAdihn5g-67hHRFRQi3mU/s1600/peru-oil-spill.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp66F22XdUgSNMgPYSW4S-N3NL5EHB_oq1Pbi3c_6PE52cUIGj9BBOo_Uw4tboZcgcj0dE9nbUvEOF28wcgPwRF45Xha2-eE5X_K0gLmM0aBpAC7Qs0ETm0RWSAdihn5g-67hHRFRQi3mU/s200/peru-oil-spill.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Water black with oil, from <a href="http://elizabethguevara.com/blog/2016/3/30/peru-rivers-turn-black-from-oil-spills">E. Guerva</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Looking at <a href="http://www.aidesep.org.pe/pronunciamiento-derrame-de-petroleo-pone-en-riesgo-la-vida-de-los-pueblos-indigenas/">AIDSEP</a>, an advocacy organization for "los pueblos indígenas" (indigenous peoples), or <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=auto&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aidesep.org.pe%2Fpronunciamiento-derrame-de-petroleo-pone-en-riesgo-la-vida-de-los-pueblos-indigenas%2F">Google translation</a> since I don't know much Spanish, I'm seeing "Oil spills in the Amazon endanger the lives of indigenous peoples", a recent oil spill of at least 2000 oil barrels now polluting a major river (estimated 8000 families affected), apparently the 5th spill since 2011 caused by a company called Petroperu, "We demand clean water, human and environmental health, compensation to the population!" Amazon Watch, an indigenous rights and environmentalist group, posted a <a href="http://amazonwatch.org/news/2016/0219-collateral-damage-oil-stains-perus-amazon-again">short video and article</a> on the subject. (If you can't see the connection to more USA-centric politics, and that's all you care about, a clue: DAPL 40 years from now.)<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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I realize "territory" can be a difficult word for a lot of right-wing libertarians and Austrian economists to understand, so let me help translate. It is their version of "land rights" or "homesteaded"... not textbook as you understand it, but close enough that I hope you can get the message: the oil is violating their land and water rights. Conservatives who take a "whatever the government says" approach to land rights... I give up, but if whatever the government says is fine to you, why even bother participating in politics?<br />
<br />
Left-wingers, especially those who voted Hillary and called everyone who didn't "racist" and/or "sexist", perhaps you could persuade your media to spend less time telling us who mocked who and more time on things like <a href="http://amazonwatch.org/news/2016/0225-bathing-in-crude-villages-sick-after-oil-spill">this</a>, "Children and adults, including some nursing women, immersed themselves
in oily water with no protective gear. Before long, many were
complaining of headaches, dizziness, blurred vision or nausea. Some
still have skin lesions." There is also concern about access to safe drinking water, damage to cassava and banana fields, and poisoned fish. From a <a href="http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2014/jul/amazon-oil-spill">previous</a> oil spill, "Mothers said children and adults in their families are suffering from
stomachaches, nausea, vomiting and dizziness, and small children have
skin rashes after bathing in the rivers." Or, you know, since the Democrat media probably doesn't care, maybe start tuning into other media more.<br />
<br />
Anti-environment right-wingers, Hillary fanatics, where have you been?<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Can we stop patting ourselves on the back for ending slavery and actually end it already?</span><br />
<br />
<br />
From right-wing libertarians and Austrian economists, I often hear how capitalism ended chattel slavery. The more mainstream view seems to be that the Civil War ended it. While it's great that around 4 million slaves were in fact freed (still persecuted and without reparations, but, progress was made), that's not quite the same as truly ending chattel slavery, worldwide, or even just eliminating it from our own economy.<br />
<br />
So, if we ended slavery, why is there an estimated <a href="http://www.globalslaveryindex.org/findings/">45 million slaves</a> in the world today? Why are Hershey and Nestle not only permitted to sell chocolate made with slave labor, but are not even liable for <a href="http://www.foxnews.com/leisure/2016/04/01/ruling-means-chocolate-labels-dont-need-to-indicate-child-slave-labor/">failing to disclose</a> this to their customers?<br />
<br />
Historically, there was an attempt to use capitalism to end American slavery. A portion of the abolitionist movement, the "free produce" movement, wanted to boycott slave-made products. In an enlightened society, I believe it could have worked. Enough people boycotting slave-made products, and hopefully the slavers would, if not go out of business entirely, at least weaken enough to make slave revolts and escapes easier. But it would've had nothing to do with this myth that free-labor is more economically efficient, at least for raw material production, than slave labor. <a href="http://www.quakersintheworld.org/quakers-in-action/153">Apparently</a>, "the prices [of free produce] were always unsustainably higher than the slave produced goods they were trying to replace". For it to work would've required a change in societal enlightenment -- our understanding of manners and etiquette -- to encourage consumers to act against their financial self-interest.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWOJsJ3PEkJyLcm_aiIJRS14ll4KzGigSrkBLcZOAT0hFwowdoLPHCyrcoy0LypeNR5FHpsjiGxQiY08nxUoVQebJS7aF6WQMfYPKlczSTS8Yk2fxV2xH2_SPaD6HTVeLmGOwyYJwLCNHF/s1600/Drissa-slavery.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWOJsJ3PEkJyLcm_aiIJRS14ll4KzGigSrkBLcZOAT0hFwowdoLPHCyrcoy0LypeNR5FHpsjiGxQiY08nxUoVQebJS7aF6WQMfYPKlczSTS8Yk2fxV2xH2_SPaD6HTVeLmGOwyYJwLCNHF/s200/Drissa-slavery.jpg" width="113" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://activehistory.ca/2010/06/%E2%80%9Cwhen-people-eat-chocolate-they-are-eating-my-flesh%E2%80%9D-slavery-and-the-dark-side-of-chocolate/">scars from after a slave escape attempt</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Zooming in on modern chattel slavery in the chocolate industry, since it is relatively well-documented compared to some industries, chocolate farmers on the Ivory Coast make an average of under $2 per day, so to remain competitive, they often rely on child slaves who may have been tricked, sold, or kidnapped. <a href="http://vision.ucsd.edu/~kbranson/stopchocolateslavery/atasteofslavery.html">Says one former slave</a>, "Some of the bags were taller than me. It took two people to put the bag on my head. And when you didn’t hurry, you were beaten," and, "The beatings were a part of my life. Anytime they loaded you
with bags and you fell while carrying them, nobody helped you. Instead,
they beat you and beat you until you picked it up again," and "I was afraid. The beatings were a part of my life. I had seen others who tried to escape. When they tried, they were severely beaten." <a href="http://activehistory.ca/2010/06/%E2%80%9Cwhen-people-eat-chocolate-they-are-eating-my-flesh%E2%80%9D-slavery-and-the-dark-side-of-chocolate/">Another said</a>, "When people eat chocolate, they are eating my flesh." <a href="http://vision.ucsd.edu/~kbranson/stopchocolateslavery/atasteofslavery.html">Another</a>, "He tied me behind my back with rope and beat me with a piece of wood. Then he took a small gun, and said, `I'm going to
kill you and dump you in a well.'"<br />
<br />
<a href="http://vision.ucsd.edu/~kbranson/stopchocolateslavery/atasteofslavery.html">Said a witness</a> of what he saw upon visiting one farm along with police, "Except one child was not there. This one, his face showed what was
happening. He was sick, he had (excrement) in his pants. He was lying on
the ground, covered with cacao leaves because they were sure he was
dying. He was almost dead. . . . He had been severely beaten."<br />
<br />
While slavery isn't strictly speaking an environmentalist cause, it does overlap. Both <a href="http://vision.ucsd.edu/~kbranson/stopchocolateslavery/main.html">organic and fair trade certification are widely believed</a> to provide strong protection against the possibility that a product contains slave labor. Others suggest that the protection is even greater for <a href="http://grist.org/food/a-guide-to-ethical-chocolate/">"single origin" or "direct trade"</a> (which also often happen to have organic certification too). Ultimately, the greater the amount of oversight, or alternatively the shorter the supply chain, and the better the price paid, the greater the chance that the product is slave free. While insisting on buying slave free products, so far as you can tell, in industries where certifications exist, is of course not the only way to fight slavery, and, arguably, not even the highest impact way, objections that I hear have nothing to do with preferring a different method, and more to do with either unwillingness to pay the extra price ("I'm too poor" even from people who make over $100k per year) or confusion about what slavery means and too much laziness to do the research ("child labor, well, wouldn't they just starve if we didn't buy the product?"). For whatever reason, I've noticed, that the people I meet who are most willing to change their consumer habits to try to combat slavery are also the most willing to change their consumer habits to reduce their environmental impact.<br />
<br />
Those of you who advocate for economic systems of "voluntary interactions" and those of you who say you care about "minority rights", if you have not taken a stand on modern chattel slavery, then where have you been?<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Mineral rights -- eminent domain for oil and gas drillers, only worse</span><br />
<br />
Who has been standing up for the rights of farmers and ranchers on good, homesteaded country land? Certainly not the Republican party (maybe a few individuals, but, most definitely not George Bush). Not the libertarians either if a search on mises.org and lewrockwell.com for "mineral rights" is any indication. Nor Obama nor Hillary, though I suppose it was never their demographic unless you still believe the Democratic party cares about the environment or disabled people, in which case it should overlap. So who has been standing up for country landowners? Environmentalists!<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfhEHV6HrNQ9j64P672bqkKd4GGqCw4XDPHo2UbXr1pEs0lG4DGJbeZpG__StH7i-05jcLDuDzxd3GKp-wIwafj2IH1fdM39wBQ-bLDM8j4_hva9JMFbNhSYwMxjLszN8m11ESpfkSm32s/s1600/splitestate-neighbor907.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="164" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfhEHV6HrNQ9j64P672bqkKd4GGqCw4XDPHo2UbXr1pEs0lG4DGJbeZpG__StH7i-05jcLDuDzxd3GKp-wIwafj2IH1fdM39wBQ-bLDM8j4_hva9JMFbNhSYwMxjLszN8m11ESpfkSm32s/s320/splitestate-neighbor907.PNG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Unwelcome drilling rig violating <a href="http://splitestate.com/index.html">homesteaded land</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrP6R8YogBuZAYwhtBzGn0LqDgtCj_1qg1e6oSJPW8oa2X0tU-z7Er2pvzd2XkBl4pangCYhCT44FKcPIPeMXeW24VMTT7ipnGqEM4XaPlynSg8tgSmwtQEDmsCQZg1HwTmKaTbEY-QwlH/s1600/splitestate-oilpadversushouse.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="162" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrP6R8YogBuZAYwhtBzGn0LqDgtCj_1qg1e6oSJPW8oa2X0tU-z7Er2pvzd2XkBl4pangCYhCT44FKcPIPeMXeW24VMTT7ipnGqEM4XaPlynSg8tgSmwtQEDmsCQZg1HwTmKaTbEY-QwlH/s320/splitestate-oilpadversushouse.PNG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Drilling pad versus house, Source: Split Estate</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In 2009, environmentalists released the film <a href="http://splitestate.com/index.html">"Split Estate"</a>, which contains numerous interviews with country landowners among other relevant information. A "Split Estate" is when one party ones the surface rights, and another owns the mineral rights, and, in many western states, this includes the right to access the minerals without permission or regard for the surface owner. A legal concept that has no bearing on any version of homesteading or natural land rights I've ever heard of. Many of these landowners speak of air pollution, water pollution, ground contamination, strange and gruesome illnesses.<br />
<br />
Now, I realize there are many varied views on homesteading and land ownership, but we aren't talking about some unobtrusive teleporter from Star Trek that can magically access the resources without affecting the surface where people live and farm. Nor are we talking about descendants of historical victims seeking redress for past wrongs. Nor refugees just trying to find a place to survive. These are aggressive corporations, acting with the permission of the government, coercing the locals with unwanted development on their land, poisoning them, and making them sick, so they can get rich. It's a massive subsidy measured not in tax dollars but in land, air, water, health, and life. And it's worse than eminent domain because they don't even have to buy the surface owner off.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5DHVuyzUMuDVrQNMyalzMSnnkmTF_cm0cS8pzLu0muAjXconS2wkfxkzJ0f8E-CiygCVjxqqLwvZWjqheArNwgH7gc7lFeIfCXpJitqxocoOOQ1N0zY7D4tZvyF3-wS-f0ry-f1XvgjnE/s1600/gasland-flamingtapwater.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="112" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5DHVuyzUMuDVrQNMyalzMSnnkmTF_cm0cS8pzLu0muAjXconS2wkfxkzJ0f8E-CiygCVjxqqLwvZWjqheArNwgH7gc7lFeIfCXpJitqxocoOOQ1N0zY7D4tZvyF3-wS-f0ry-f1XvgjnE/s200/gasland-flamingtapwater.PNG" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Flaming tap water, source: <a href="http://one.gaslandthemovie.com/home">Gasland</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The environmentalist tradition of protecting landowners continued when Josh Fox, a landowner in <a href="https://www.nrdc.org/experts/amy-mall/blm-fracking-rule-will-apply-more-55-million-acres-private-land-see-maps">mineral rights</a>, <a href="http://www.newsweek.com/2014/06/20/your-lawn-need-fracking-254499.html">forced</a> <a href="https://www.earthworksaction.org/issues/detail/forced_pooling">pooling</a>, and sometimes more traditional <a href="http://www.ecowatch.com/eminent-domain-used-to-push-big-oils-agenda-1881783019.html">eminent</a> <a href="https://www.democracynow.org/2016/9/7/iowa_landowners_sue_to_stop_dakota">domain</a>, the focus of the films Josh Fox makes is more on the community wide effects of land and water pollution and resulting health problems and the level of fraud perpetrated by the gas industry. Even if the drill isn't on your land (and it very well might be, whether you like it or not) the pollution can still get there and cause dire problems. Like Split Estate, Josh Fox's <a href="http://one.gaslandthemovie.com/home">Gasland</a> (2010) and <a href="http://www.gaslandthemovie.com/">Gasland 2</a> (2013) documentaries contain numerous interviews with landowners.<br />
Pennsylvania, received a request for drilling rights on his land. Though the gas industry does use a variety of ways to override homesteaded land ownership such as <br />
<br />
If homesteading, natural land rights, or public health are issues for you, but you haven't taken a stance regarding mineral rights, forced pooling, eminent domain, and community-wide pollution, or, worse, have taken a pro-drilling stance, then where have you been?<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Whomever is out there who still believes in some level of free speech should cheer on Australian Green senator Scott Ludlam</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdeYBLC7bvYWV8CL5qmo6A4MKSdH3YpRM5g2N7-I7Hz03_hn7PrPKtcujHIMJxWbg6iOMYUUYkC2tIbCKbd6cqO43rvl_kFFyeoNwGz8vQW_VPFlCRJ6Sf6yygMXsYIXFKQ5CCLacuwWFZ/s1600/scottludlam.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="175" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdeYBLC7bvYWV8CL5qmo6A4MKSdH3YpRM5g2N7-I7Hz03_hn7PrPKtcujHIMJxWbg6iOMYUUYkC2tIbCKbd6cqO43rvl_kFFyeoNwGz8vQW_VPFlCRJ6Sf6yygMXsYIXFKQ5CCLacuwWFZ/s200/scottludlam.PNG" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Source: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vn8MIGHR__0">youtube</a>, The Australian Greens</td></tr>
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Political labels like liberal, conservative, and libertarian seem to have little power to predict someone's oft self-contradictory opinions on freedom of speech versus censorship these days. In any case, there's some terrible things happening to whistleblowers in Western nations lately, as Australian Green senator Scott Ludlam pointed out in <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vn8MIGHR__0">his speech</a>, including mention of the American whistleblower <a href="http://www.vice.com/read/the-torture-of-bradley-manning">Bradley Manning</a> who has been caged like an animal. Looking at some of the related news, it looks like, "<a href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-06-30/detention-centre-workers-face-imprisonment-for-whistleblowing/6584392">Border Force Act could see immigration detention centre workers jailed for whistleblowing</a>" and "The Act was passed with bipartisan support, with only the Greens opposing it." It appears that in spite of this law, some whistleblowers later risked potential jailtime to report <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/aug/10/the-nauru-files-2000-leaked-reports-reveal-scale-of-abuse-of-children-in-australian-offshore-detention">rape and child abuse</a> (which should be a reminder to us all of the importance of free speech) going on in immigration detention centres at the hands of authorities, and this was published by non-Australian news outlets... probably because in Australia, <a href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-10-14/journalists-face-jail-for-exposing-security-agency-bungles/5776504">journalists who publish leaks can also be jailed</a>, even if it is in the public interest. Ludlam has also <a href="https://www.efa.org.au/2015/02/10/ludlam-data-retention-bill/">fought</a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cwPM5Aubyo">passionately</a> against data retention laws, even appearing as himself on the Juice Media's satirical <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OS0zS7Tij28">Rap News</a>. Unfortunately, the fight was <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-34513124">unsuccessful</a>, but Ludlam provided <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/24/greens-scott-ludlam-provides-tips-on-how-to-hide-metadata-from-government">helpful tips</a> on how Australians can protect their privacy in spite of these laws.<br />
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So, the award to the most pro-free-speech (and all the human rights protection that goes with that) party in Australia goes to the Greens. To those Australians identify as supporting free speech, but did not cheer for them, where have you been?<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Anti-war folks, how about we attempt to end war in our own countries too, not only abroad?</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG4yAeJFn4BbKmf9woMW0xjSEeW6s2Z7hlUI1B1zU_RjFDufhmPH6GKYm1StzjSrxG_0SfJrnd4Gx3Ed3mpHIYefjY3BRU-PqgkBkgx2t46NcRKUKkxZRHoGUexm3CfEXe4Vo6HXGuqjOZ/s1600/arminjury4.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG4yAeJFn4BbKmf9woMW0xjSEeW6s2Z7hlUI1B1zU_RjFDufhmPH6GKYm1StzjSrxG_0SfJrnd4Gx3Ed3mpHIYefjY3BRU-PqgkBkgx2t46NcRKUKkxZRHoGUexm3CfEXe4Vo6HXGuqjOZ/s200/arminjury4.png" width="115" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://countercurrentnews.com/2016/11/graphic-photos-show-shocking-police-unleashed-standing-rock-protesters/">protestor injured</a> by grenade</td></tr>
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The Greens have a strong history of anti-war advocacy. In the United States, Green presidential candidate Jill Stein <a href="http://reason.com/reasontv/2016/11/06/jill-stein-green-party-trump-clinton">slammed</a> Hillary as being even scarier than Trump, based on Hillary's terrifying history of warmongering and potential to start a conflict with Russia, a nuclear superpower. In Australia, Green senator Scott Ludlam <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6lYyQm4Hpw">pointed out</a> the stupidity of allowing the Prime Minister to declare war unilaterally, and criticizes the Syrian war efforts by both Australia and the United States, quoting Wikileaks as evidence. "Nobody has clean hands, and yet it is the people of Syria who have paid the price."<br />
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While Libertarians also have a strong history of opposition to wars abroad, what about wars at home against our own populations? <br />
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In the United States, for example, we have a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VfvAqCHpXgA">long history</a> <a href="https://www.ted.com/talks/aaron_huey">of violence</a> against American Indians. We have another chapter of this playing out in the Dakota Access Pipeline protests right now, where Standing Rock Sioux and their allies fight for their land and the water for <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/a-nodapl-map_us_581a0623e4b014443087af35">millions</a> of people. We're seeing <span style="font-weight: 400;">tear gas, baton bashings, mace, concussion grenades, rubber bullets, and water cannons <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/nov/21/dakota-access-pipeline-water-cannon-police-standing-rock-protest?CMP=share_btn_t">being</a> <a href="https://www.rt.com/usa/367592-dapl-protest-bridge-teargas/">used</a> <a href="https://www.rt.com/usa/367597-dakota-protesters-police-injured/">against</a> <a href="http://countercurrentnews.com/2016/11/graphic-photos-show-shocking-police-unleashed-standing-rock-protesters/">a people</a> whose claims to sovereignty the government has repeatedly attempted to ignore or buy off. While it is hopeful to see that <a href="http://www.commondreams.org/news/2016/09/08/arrest-warrants-issued-jill-stein-says-campaign-proud-pipeline-protest">they</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/joshfoxfilm/status/800501436119453696">do not</a> stand alone this time, it is also disheartening to see that even in this digital age where we can see <a href="https://www.democracynow.org/2016/9/4/dakota_access_pipeline_company_attacks_native">video footage</a> online, there are still so many who would rather see the pipeline company win.</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: 400;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">To be fair, I have <a href="https://www.lewrockwell.com/lrc-blog/nix-dakota-access-pipeline-project-nix-ethanol/">seen</a> <a href="https://beinglibertarian.com/dapl-libertarians-lens/">a few</a> libertarian objections to DAPL, but where have the rest of you been?</span>Aislinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08357084413835432243noreply@blogger.com0